The passage provides three pieces of evidence to prove that humpback whales navigate by relying on the stars. The professor, however, believes that although this theory might sound interesting, none of the provided evidence are compelling enough to prove that humpback whales find their ways based on stars. The professor's arguments to further discuss her reasons for this opinion are as follows.
First, the passage states that since humpback whales are intelligent animals and have a complex brain, they can use stars to find their ways during migration. The professor, on the other hand, opposes this statement. According to her, there is no evidence to prove that there is a connection between cognitive abilities of an animal and navigation by stars. In fact, many other animals such as ducks which have an average degree of intelligence navigate by stars. Therefore, the fact that humpback whales have high intellectual abilities does not prove that they use stars for navigation since no relationship has been established between these two things yet.
Second, the author notes that since humpback whales swim in a straight line, they orient themselves by an external object and since, despite birds, they can not use landmarks, they probably use stars for this aim. In contrast, the professor refutes this argument and suggest that this external orientation might be established in another way, for instance by using earth's magnetic field. Since the presence of a chemical substance in birds, named Bio-magnetite, has been proved as a tool to benefit from earth's magnetic field for navigation and evidence proves that this substance exists in the humpback's brain, it is likely that these animals use the same strategy to find their ways for navigation. Thus, the presence of Bio-magnetite might be a sign of using earth's magnetic field for navigation rather than finding their way by using stars.
Finally, the article states that an unusual behavior of humpback whales names "spy-hopping" might be an indication of using stars for navigation. In fact, since whales in this situation keep their heads out of the water, many people might conclude that they are actually looking at stars. Nevertheless, the professor repudiates this statement as well. She alludes that this specific behavior has been observed in other sea animals which do not migration such as sharks. Besides that, humpbacks do this behavior in the daytime when there is no star in the sky. Therefore, the reason of such behavior might be something other than using stars for navigation, for example, spotting potential preys for hunting. Thus, "spy-hopping" could not be considered as an evidence to prove humpbacks navigate by stars.
- Essay topics TPO 48 Integrated Writing Task 80
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 309, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... whales find their ways based on stars. The professors arguments to further discuss...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, besides, finally, first, however, if, look, nevertheless, second, so, therefore, thus, well, for example, for instance, in contrast, in fact, such as, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 44.0 22.412803532 196% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 54.0 30.3222958057 178% => OK
Nominalization: 27.0 5.01324503311 539% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2304.0 1373.03311258 168% => OK
No of words: 436.0 270.72406181 161% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.28440366972 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.56953094068 4.04702891845 113% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.87795693883 2.5805825403 112% => OK
Unique words: 200.0 145.348785872 138% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.45871559633 0.540411800872 85% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 702.0 419.366225166 167% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 9.0 2.5761589404 349% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 58.4990470363 49.2860985944 119% => OK
Chars per sentence: 121.263157895 110.228320801 110% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.9473684211 21.698381199 106% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.36842105263 7.06452816374 133% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.432485595764 0.272083759551 159% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.14929940921 0.0996497079465 150% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0738903559201 0.0662205650399 112% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.290032079294 0.162205337803 179% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0445828941775 0.0443174109184 101% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.9 13.3589403974 112% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 53.8541721854 91% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.64 12.2367328918 111% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.31 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 99.0 63.6247240618 156% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.