Altruism is a type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another animal or group of animals. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness; individuals performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves. Examples of altruism abound, both among humans and among other mammals. Unselfish acts among humans range from the sharing of food with strangers to the donation of body organs to family members, and even to strangers. Such acts are altruistic in that they benefit another, yet provide little reward to the one performing the act.
In fact, many species of animals appear willing to sacrifice food, or even their life, to assist other members of their group. The meerkat, which is a mammal that dwells in burrows in grassland areas of Africa, is often cited as an example. In groups of meerkats, an individual acts as a sentinel, standing guard and looking out for predators while the others hunt for food or eat food they have obtained. If the sentinel meerkat sees a predator such as a hawk approaching the group, it gives an alarm cry alerting the other meerkats to run and seek shelter. By standing guard, the sentinel meerkat gains nothing - it goes without food while the others eat, and it places itself in grave danger. After it issues an alarm, it has to flee alone, which might make it more at risk to a predator, since animals in groups are often able to work together to fend off a predator. So the altruistic sentinel behavior helps ensure the survival of other members of the meerkat’s group.
The article states that altruism is a state of behavior which means selflessness. Both humans and other animal pocess this behavior. Indivisuals performing altruisic acts sacrifieces its own interest for others and achive nothing for themselves. However the professor refutes this point my saying that every human and animal gain or receive something doing things for other.
The reading explains it's point by giving an example of meerkats. It says that one of the meerkat guards other meerkats from predator when they hunt or eat food and notify them when any danger occurs. by dong so, the meerkat gies without food or places itself in danger. The professor refutes this point by saying that meerkat which guards other eats before guarding. Thus, it does not stay hungry for others when any dangers come. The professor also says, when it guards the other meerkats, it stands near the cave or in a safe zone. Therefore, when a predator or danger comes, it is the one who runs immediately and reaches the safe zone first. So the preofessor claims that it does not sacrifice its food or keeps its life in danger for others.
The reading again says that humans show altruism by sharing there food with strangers or donating ther body organs to family members or even to strangers. However the professor claims that every human who sacrifice their body organ like kidney to relatives or to strangers receive preciations. He or she also might get award money for doing so. Therefore, there is no altruistic behavior in helping others.
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- Integrated task- Altruism 3
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- TPO-09 - Integrated Writing Task Car manufacturers and governments have been eagerly seeking a replacement for the automobile's main source of power, the internal-combustion engine. By far the most promising alternative source of energy for cars is the hy 80
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 247, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...hers and achive nothing for themselves. However the professor refutes this point my say...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 201, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: By
...and notify them when any danger occurs. by dong so, the meerkat gies without food...
^^
Line 3, column 203, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...d notify them when any danger occurs. by dong so, the meerkat gies without food o...
^^
Line 5, column 156, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...to family members or even to strangers. However the professor claims that every human w...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, so, therefore, thus
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 3.0 10.4613686534 29% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 15.0 7.30242825607 205% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 28.0 22.412803532 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 21.0 30.3222958057 69% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1282.0 1373.03311258 93% => OK
No of words: 259.0 270.72406181 96% => OK
Chars per words: 4.94980694981 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.01166760082 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.39415865119 2.5805825403 93% => OK
Unique words: 146.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.563706563707 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 384.3 419.366225166 92% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 32.1808852426 49.2860985944 65% => OK
Chars per sentence: 80.125 110.228320801 73% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.1875 21.698381199 75% => OK
Discourse Markers: 2.8125 7.06452816374 40% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 3.0 4.09492273731 73% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.220938452507 0.272083759551 81% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0746429959368 0.0996497079465 75% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0787204314262 0.0662205650399 119% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.163198498621 0.162205337803 101% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.116276513523 0.0443174109184 262% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.0 13.3589403974 75% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 63.7 53.8541721854 118% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.13 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.66 8.42419426049 91% => OK
difficult_words: 53.0 63.6247240618 83% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Minimum four paragraphs wanted. The correct pattern:
para 1: introduction
para 2: doubt 1
para 3: doubt 2
para 4: doubt 3
Less contents wanted from the reading passages(25%), more content wanted from the lecture (75%).
Don't need a conclusion paragraph.
Read sample essays from ETS:
http://www.testbig.com/users/toeflwritingmaster
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.