Did bees (a type of insect) exist on Earth as early as 200 million years ago? Such a theory is supported by the discovery of very old fossil structures that resemble bee nests. The structures have been found inside 200- million-year-old fossilized trees in the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States. However, many skeptics doubt that the structures were created by bees. The skeptics support their view with several arguments.
No Fossils of Actual Bees
First, no fossil remains of actual bees have ever been found that date to 200 million years ago. The earliest preserved body of a bee is 100 million years old—only half as old as the fossilized structures discovered in Arizona.
Absence of Flowering Plants.
A second reason to doubt that bees existed 200 million years ago is the absence of flowering plants in that period. Today's bees feed almost exclusively on the flowers of flowering plants; in fact, bees and flowering plants have evolved a close, mutually dependent biological relationship. Flowering plants, however, first appeared on Earth 125 million years ago. Given the bees’ close association with flowering plants, it is unlikely bees could have existed before that time.
Structures Lack Some Details
Third, while the fossilized structures found in Arizona are somewhat similar to nest chambers made by modern bees, they lack some of the finer details of bees’ nests. For example, chambers of modern bee nests are closed by caps that have a spiral pattern, but the fossilized chambers lack such caps. That suggests the fossilized structures were made by other insects, such as wood-boring beetles
The article discusses a fascinating topic pertaining about the non existance of the dig bees on the Earth and provides three reasons of the supports. The professor in the lecture refutes it by saying that they do exists and elobrates it by giving three points.
First, The article states that their is no existing fossil of actual Bee. Moreover, it states that the earliest preserved body of a Bee is 100 million years old. However, Professor in the lecture argues about it by saying that it is true that their is no fossil present of the bee it might be possible that they were not preserved at that moment. But, she says that as the Fossils of the Bees were preserved in a special tree as those trees were rare about 200 million year ago, and they were common later wards. So it might be the reason that Fossils were not preserved at that time.
Secondly, about the beginning of the flowering plants as the flowering plants comes about 125 million years and bees were present about 200 million years ago. So its not possible that because bees can survive without flowering plants. According to professor, it was possible because earlier bees depends on non flowering plants like Pine tress. Later the flowering plants came into being and bees shifted themselves from non flowering to flowering.
Lastly, Structures lack specific details so made by other insects. Professor argues that about the cap their is a chemical evidence that moderen bess have water proof substance which protect them. Fossilized bees when chemically treated also had the same type of water proof substance.
So the article states that bees do not existed but professor proof that they do existed.
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- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Because the world is changing so quickly, people now less happy or less satisfied with their lives than people were in the past Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 76
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- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The rules that societies today expect young people to follow and obey are too strict.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 70
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 32, Rule ID: THEIR_IS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'there'?
Suggestion: there
...points. First, The article states that their is no existing fossil of actual Bee. Mo...
^^^^^
Line 2, column 243, Rule ID: THEIR_IS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'there'?
Suggestion: there
...about it by saying that it is true that their is no fossil present of the bee it migh...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 72, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'plants'' or 'plant's'?
Suggestion: plants'; plant's
...f the flowering plants as the flowering plants comes about 125 million years and bees ...
^^^^^^
Line 4, column 103, Rule ID: THEIR_IS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'there'?
Suggestion: there
...ts. Professor argues that about the cap their is a chemical evidence that moderen bes...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 155, Rule ID: EN_COMPOUNDS
Message: This word is normally spelled as one.
Suggestion: waterproof
...hemical evidence that moderen bess have water proof substance which protect them. Fossilize...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 263, Rule ID: EN_COMPOUNDS
Message: This word is normally spelled as one.
Suggestion: waterproof
...cally treated also had the same type of water proof substance. So the article states that ...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, lastly, moreover, second, secondly, so, it is true
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 35.0 22.412803532 156% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1391.0 1373.03311258 101% => OK
No of words: 287.0 270.72406181 106% => OK
Chars per words: 4.84668989547 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.11595363751 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.35564293746 2.5805825403 91% => OK
Unique words: 143.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.498257839721 0.540411800872 92% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 415.8 419.366225166 99% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 3.0 8.23620309051 36% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 36.7725743214 49.2860985944 75% => OK
Chars per sentence: 92.7333333333 110.228320801 84% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.1333333333 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.4 7.06452816374 76% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.271178001252 0.272083759551 100% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0931112447246 0.0996497079465 93% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0682714655269 0.0662205650399 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.126365424326 0.162205337803 78% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0665866353013 0.0443174109184 150% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.0 13.3589403974 82% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 69.11 53.8541721854 128% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.3 11.0289183223 75% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.85 12.2367328918 89% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.77 8.42419426049 92% => OK
difficult_words: 58.0 63.6247240618 91% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.