TPO-47 - Integrated Writing Task
Pterosaurs were an ancient group of winged reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs. Many pterosaurs were very large, some as large as a giraffe and with a wingspan of over 12 meters. Paleontologists have long wondered whether large pterosaurs were capable of powered flight (flying by flapping their wings) or whether they were able only to glide. Several arguments have been made against powered flight.
Doubters point out that since modern reptiles are cold-blooded, ancient reptiles such as pterosaurs were probably cold-blooded as well. Cold-blooded animals typically have a slow metabolism and are unable to produce a lot of energy. Powered flight is an activity requiring a lot of energy, which is why all modern vertebrates that fly are warm-blooded, not cold-blooded. It seemed unlikely that pterosaurs would have been able to generate the energy needed to fly.
Second, there is a limit to the weight of animals that can be kept airborne by powered flight. Pterosaurs that were as large as a giraffe were probably so heavy that they would not have been able to flap their wings fast enough to stay aloft for any length of time.
Third, all animals with powered flight are able to take off from the ground. For example, birds take off by jumping from their legs or running to gain speed and then jumping. But these methods would not have worked for large pterosaurs. Large pterosaurs would have needed big, powerful muscles in their back legs to launch themselves into the air, and we know from fossilized bones that their back leg muscles were too small and weak to allow the pterosaurs to run fast enough or jump high enough to launch themselves into the air.
The essay generally gives the idea that pterosaurs-which were an acient group of winged reptiles, were unable to fly for three main reason.on the other hand the professor decline all three ones by explaning the recent research and chalenging the ideas which the reading was based on.
First, the reading acclaim that pterosaurs were cold-blooded like the modern reptiles so they couldn't provide the energy they needed to flieght upwards which is also the reason why all modern wvertebrates are warm-blooded.on the other side the professor assert that currently it was discoverd that this animals have dense hair covering,something like fur, as the warm-blood animals so the assertion of reading would be ungrounded and therefore rejected and they will have enough metabolism and energy to fly.
Secound,the reading suggest that due to this creatures heavy weight, that were as big as a giraffe, they could not kept them selves airborne by powered flight .while the lecturer said that their body is compose of unsually light weighted matrials and their bones are hollow instead of solid; Thus, they were light enough to fly and keep themself airbones.
Utterly, the reading believes that these beast couldn't take off like birds, for their flight inititations because for taking off they need to have enough speed then jump which their feet weren't capable of taking of due to their week muscles in the back of their legs, but the profesoor claims that it is not genuine to compare two uncomparable animals with each other birds and ptersaurs becuase birds have two legs for tajing off on them while ptresaurs have for legs which gives them the power to takes of easily and have the right speed for initiating a flight.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-12-06 | marii.r67 | 80 | view |
| 2019-11-13 | shirley5001 | 80 | view |
| 2019-11-13 | shirley5001 | 80 | view |
| 2019-11-03 | Seema Modak | 78 | view |
| 2019-11-03 | Seema Modak | 78 | view |
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- TPO 36- Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific points made in the reading passage. 3
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 190, Rule ID: ONES[1]
Message: Did you mean 'one's'?
Suggestion: one's
...er hand the professor decline all three ones by explaning the recent research and ch...
^^^^
Line 2, column 95, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: couldn't
...looded like the modern reptiles so they couldnt provide the energy they needed to flieg...
^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 299, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...rt that currently it was discoverd that this animals have dense hair covering,someth...
^^^^
Line 2, column 336, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , something
...at this animals have dense hair covering,something like fur, as the warm-blood animals so ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 8, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
...h metabolism and energy to fly. Secound,the reading suggest that due to this creatu...
^^^^
Line 3, column 41, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...Secound,the reading suggest that due to this creatures heavy weight, that were as bi...
^^^^
Line 3, column 56, Rule ID: HEAVY_WEIGHT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'heavyweight'?
Suggestion: heavyweight
...ding suggest that due to this creatures heavy weight, that were as big as a giraffe, they co...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 116, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'could' requires the base form of the verb: 'keep'
Suggestion: keep
...ere as big as a giraffe, they could not kept them selves airborne by powered flight ...
^^^^
Line 3, column 121, Rule ID: THEM_SELVES[1]
Message: Did you mean 'themselves'?
Suggestion: themselves
...s big as a giraffe, they could not kept them selves airborne by powered flight .while the l...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 159, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...t them selves airborne by powered flight .while the lecturer said that their body ...
^^
Line 3, column 204, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'composed'.
Suggestion: composed
...le the lecturer said that their body is compose of unsually light weighted matrials and...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 36, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this beast' or 'these beasts'?
Suggestion: this beast; these beasts
...es. Utterly, the reading believes that these beast couldnt take off like birds, for their ...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 48, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: couldn't
..., the reading believes that these beast couldnt take off like birds, for their flight i...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 188, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: weren't
...enough speed then jump which their feet werent capable of taking of due to their week ...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, so, then, therefore, thus, while, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1436.0 1373.03311258 105% => OK
No of words: 286.0 270.72406181 106% => OK
Chars per words: 5.02097902098 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.11236361783 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.55566422468 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 165.0 145.348785872 114% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.576923076923 0.540411800872 107% => OK
syllable_count: 425.7 419.366225166 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 4.0 8.23620309051 49% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 4.0 13.0662251656 31% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 71.0 21.2450331126 334% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 113.191209906 49.2860985944 230% => The lengths of sentences changed so frequently.
Chars per sentence: 359.0 110.228320801 326% => Less chars_per_sentence wanted.
Words per sentence: 71.5 21.698381199 330% => Less words per sentence wanted.
Discourse Markers: 17.25 7.06452816374 244% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 14.0 4.19205298013 334% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.27373068433 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.411617976015 0.272083759551 151% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.214445464256 0.0996497079465 215% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0570019230118 0.0662205650399 86% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.214445464256 0.162205337803 132% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0570019230118 0.0443174109184 129% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 38.0 13.3589403974 284% => Automated_readability_index is high.
flesch_reading_ease: 7.87 53.8541721854 15% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 11.2 5.55761589404 202% => Smog_index is high.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 29.8 11.0289183223 270% => Flesch kincaid grade is high.
coleman_liau_index: 13.02 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 11.19 8.42419426049 133% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 63.6247240618 115% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 28.0 10.7273730684 261% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 30.4 10.498013245 290% => Gunning_fog is high.
text_standard: 30.0 11.2008830022 268% => The average readability is very high. Good job!
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.