The reading and the article are both about the little ice age which was a period of unusual cold during 1350 until 1900CE.The author of the reading believes that there a number of explanations why that might have happened . The author casts doubt on the claims made in the article. He thinks that the reasons mentioned are false and outdated
First of all the, the author points out that one reason for the little ice age might have been the disturbance of the ocean current. It is mentioned that fresh water from melting glacier into the gulf current could have strongly affected earth’s climate. This point is challenged by the lecturer. He says that the Gulf Stream cooling can only affect Europe and North America and doesn’t explain the cooling of southerner region as a result, this could not have been the cause.
Secondly, the author contends that volcanic eruption might be to blame. The articles notes that erupting volcanoes emit vast amounts of dust and gas creating huge black clouds that block the sun therefore, resulting in a drop of temperatures. The lecturer rebuts this argument. He suggests that there wasn’t any big enough eruption to block the sun. Furthermore, he argues that if there was there would be large visual effects such as gray snow and dramatic sunlight thus, people would have noticed.
Finally, the author states that rapid decrease in human population might be the cause for the little ice age. He argues that this led to an increase in tree population contributing to the lowing of green house effect. On the other hand, the lecturer says that there wasn’t enough time for this effect. He puts forth the idea that human population grow fast so, they started cutting trees again to make fields for agriculture.
- Ethanol fuel, made from plants such as corn and sugar cane, has been advocated by some people as an alternative to gasoline in the United States. However, many critics argue that ethanol is not a good replacement for gasoline for several reasons. First, t 80
- Moai of Easter Island 65
- TPO-27 - Integrated Writing Task The little ice age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900CE. There were unusually harsh winters, and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scient 76
- Did bees (a type of insect) exist on Earth as early as 200 million years ago? Such a theory is supported by the discovery of very old fossil structures that resemble bee nests. The structures have been found inside 200- million-year-old fossilized trees i 68
- Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, 61
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 123, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...f unusual cold during 1350 until 1900CE.The author of the reading believes that the...
^^^
Line 1, column 222, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...xplanations why that might have happened . The author casts doubt on the claims ma...
^^
Line 1, column 225, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...anations why that might have happened . The author casts doubt on the claims made i...
^^^
Line 3, column 14, Rule ID: THE_PUNCT[1]
Message: Did you forget something after 'the'?
... are false and outdated First of all the, the author points out that one reason f...
^^^^
Line 5, column 86, Rule ID: AGREEMENT_SENT_START[1]
Message: You should probably use 'note'.
Suggestion: note
...ruption might be to blame. The articles notes that erupting volcanoes emit vast amoun...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, furthermore, if, second, secondly, so, therefore, thus, such as, as a result, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 28.0 22.412803532 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 27.0 30.3222958057 89% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1479.0 1373.03311258 108% => OK
No of words: 299.0 270.72406181 110% => OK
Chars per words: 4.94648829431 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1583189471 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.43783829561 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 178.0 145.348785872 122% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.595317725753 0.540411800872 110% => OK
syllable_count: 441.9 419.366225166 105% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 10.0 3.25607064018 307% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 55.8723147503 49.2860985944 113% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.6 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.9333333333 21.698381199 92% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.66666666667 7.06452816374 123% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 4.45695364238 224% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.363210746447 0.272083759551 133% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0998222379131 0.0996497079465 100% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0836466646009 0.0662205650399 126% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.203414158918 0.162205337803 125% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0643562032067 0.0443174109184 145% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.8 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.43 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.01 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.