Airline industry representatives have recently argued that flying is safer than driving, citing two separate studies. First, US statistics show that each year there are approximately 40,000 deaths in automobile accidents versus only approximately 200 in flight accidents. Second, studies indicate that pilots are four times less likely than average to have accidents on the road.
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to determine whether the argument is reasonable. Be sure to explain what effects the answers to these questions would have on the validity of the argument.
In this argument airline industry representatives claim flying to be safer than driving. However the studies based on which this claim is made are incomplete without taking into consideration some serious questions.
The first statistic compares the number of deaths in road accidents with those in flight. However we can not draw any firm conclusion purely on the basis of these numbers. What needs to be answered is what percentage of people in both driving and flying are involved in fatal accidents? Simply looking at numbers can be misleading as among millions of people involved in driving, 40000 deaths would be a small number and an average of 200 deaths could be a very big number if the total number of people flying is low.
The other study claims that pilots are four times less likely than average to be involved in road accidents. The question that needs to be answered for this claim is whether the driving competency of pilots should be accounted for while claiming flying to be safer than driving. Are the driving and flying skills of a pilot linked to each other? If not, then the claim of pilots being safer drivers on road does not hold much value when talking about flying safety.
Even if both these studies are found to be reasonable another question that arrises is whether or not number of deaths and pilot skills alone are sufficient to claim flying to be safer than driving. There could be other factors too which should be taken into consideration. Turbulent weather could cause problems to the pregnant ladies. So maybe even things like that should be looked upon.
So, until and unless the above questions are answered, the argument of the airline industry does not have very strong grounds to stand upon.
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Sentence: Even if both these studies are found to be reasonable another question that arrises is whether or not number of deaths and pilot skills alone are sufficient to claim flying to be safer than driving.
Error: arrises Suggestion: arrives
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argument 1 -- OK
argument 2 -- OK
argument 3 -- OK
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flaws:
No. of Words: 298 350
================
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.5 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 1 2
No. of Sentences: 15 15
No. of Words: 298 350
No. of Characters: 1415 1500
No. of Different Words: 150 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.155 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.748 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.332 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 104 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 64 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 35 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 18 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 19.867 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 9.273 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.6 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.34 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.59 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.079 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
In this argument airline industry repres...
^^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 98, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
... claim flying to be safer than driving. However the studies based on which this claim i...
^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 91, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...in road accidents with those in flight. However we can not draw any firm conclusion pur...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 89, Rule ID: WHETHER[7]
Message: Perhaps you can shorten this phrase to just 'whether'. It is correct though if you mean 'regardless of whether'.
Suggestion: whether
...onable another question that arrises is whether or not number of deaths and pilot skills alone...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, however, if, look, may, so, then, while, talking about
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 27.0 19.6327345309 138% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 12.9520958084 69% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 11.1786427146 54% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 7.0 13.6137724551 51% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 11.0 28.8173652695 38% => OK
Preposition: 44.0 55.5748502994 79% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 16.3942115768 37% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1446.0 2260.96107784 64% => OK
No of words: 298.0 441.139720559 68% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.85234899329 5.12650576532 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.15483772266 4.56307096286 91% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.38948796154 2.78398813304 86% => OK
Unique words: 155.0 204.123752495 76% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.520134228188 0.468620217663 111% => OK
syllable_count: 432.9 705.55239521 61% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 4.96107784431 0% => OK
Article: 4.0 8.76447105788 46% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 19.7664670659 76% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 19.0 22.8473053892 83% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 49.7552230647 57.8364921388 86% => OK
Chars per sentence: 96.4 119.503703932 81% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.8666666667 23.324526521 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.06666666667 5.70786347227 71% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 5.25449101796 76% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 8.20758483034 61% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 6.88822355289 102% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.67664670659 64% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.138400496126 0.218282227539 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0578227123396 0.0743258471296 78% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0628836711769 0.0701772020484 90% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0867528183812 0.128457276422 68% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0255031618655 0.0628817314937 41% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.3 14.3799401198 79% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 48.3550499002 125% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 12.197005988 78% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.85 12.5979740519 86% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.81 8.32208582834 94% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 98.500998004 62% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 12.3882235529 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 11.1389221557 86% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.9071856287 67% => The average readability is low. Need to imporve the language.
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.