The following appeared in a memorandum from the general manager of KNOW radio station.
"Several factors indicate that radio station KNOW should shift its programming from rock-and-roll music to a continuous news format. Consider, for example, that the number of people in our listening area over fifty years of age has increased dramatically, while our total number of listeners has declined. Also, music stores in our area report decreased sales of recorded music. Finally, continuous news stations in neighboring cities have been very successful. The switch from rock-and-roll music to 24-hour news will attract older listeners and secure KNOW radio's future."
In this memo, the general manager of KNOW radio station claims that the KNOW radio station has to its programming from rock-and-roll music to a continuous news format and these change can increase the number of listeners. To support her argument, she says that the most population of the station's listening area is over fifty and the overall number of listener has declined. Also, she cited reports from music stores in the listening area which indicate that sales have been decreased. And she says that another radio station in near city attract its listeners by broadcasting continuous news program. Careful scrutiny reveals that this argument has several logical flaws.
To begin with, based on the fact that overall number of listeners, she wrongly assumes that the reason of the decreased number of listeners is the rock-and-roll music program. However, it could not be real reason of this phenomenon. Common sense tells us that the popularity of radio has been decreased after many other media such as cell-phone, TV, video flat form like YouTube, Twitch. As other media being popular, the number listeners of the station naturally decreased. If this is true, we cannot be convinced by this argument.
Secondly, she gives unrelated evidence which have no proper relation with her claims. The decreased sales of the local music stores could not related to the preference of the listeners. For example, there are many ways such as internet downloading people can listen to music rather than buying in music stores. And more and more people have used other ways. So, sales of music store could not be related to their preference. Until she give certain evidence about real and direct preference for music of people in the area, the evidence is not meaningful.
Thirdly, even if we admit other logical problems are true, there is another illogical presumption. Based on the fact that nearby radio station have gotten popularity, she wrongly assumes that the population of the listening area may have same preference for radio program. However, it could not be true. For example, the people of the listening area would like to listen classical music or traditional music rather than continuous news. If she cannot why she thinks preference for radio program of people of near city would be same with of the KNOW station's listening area, this argument is not cogent.
To summarize, this argument is still dubious as it stands. To make this argument more persuasive, the general manager of the KNOW radio station have to explain exact reason of the number of listeners of the station have decreased and have to give additional information about real preference of people. To evaluate better, we have to know the result of survey which shows the preference of radio program of the people in KNOW station's listening area is same with the preference of near city.
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 24 15
No. of Words: 476 350
No. of Characters: 2335 1500
No. of Different Words: 185 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.671 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.905 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.446 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 161 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 119 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 75 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 56 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 19.833 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 9.375 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.583 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.329 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.505 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.172 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 69, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...nager of KNOW radio station claims that the KNOW radio station has to its programming fr...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 143, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'could' requires the base form of the verb: 'relate'
Suggestion: relate
...les of the local music stores could not related to the preference of the listeners. For...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 436, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'she' must be used with a third-person verb: 'gives'.
Suggestion: gives
... related to their preference. Until she give certain evidence about real and direct ...
^^^^
Line 7, column 541, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...ople of near city would be same with of the KNOW stations listening area, this argument ...
^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 122, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...more persuasive, the general manager of the KNOW radio station have to explain exact rea...
^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 304, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...mation about real preference of people. To evaluate better, we have to know the re...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, however, if, may, second, secondly, so, still, third, thirdly, as to, for example, such as, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 18.0 19.6327345309 92% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 11.0 12.9520958084 85% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 11.1786427146 89% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 13.6137724551 95% => OK
Pronoun: 40.0 28.8173652695 139% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 68.0 55.5748502994 122% => OK
Nominalization: 29.0 16.3942115768 177% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2396.0 2260.96107784 106% => OK
No of words: 476.0 441.139720559 108% => OK
Chars per words: 5.03361344538 5.12650576532 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.67091256922 4.56307096286 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.52799452185 2.78398813304 91% => OK
Unique words: 193.0 204.123752495 95% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.405462184874 0.468620217663 87% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 753.3 705.55239521 107% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 11.0 4.96107784431 222% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 6.0 8.76447105788 68% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 4.22255489022 166% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 24.0 19.7664670659 121% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 22.8473053892 83% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 55.7038299102 57.8364921388 96% => OK
Chars per sentence: 99.8333333333 119.503703932 84% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.8333333333 23.324526521 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.625 5.70786347227 81% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 5.25449101796 114% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 11.0 8.20758483034 134% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 6.88822355289 102% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.67664670659 128% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.287638813959 0.218282227539 132% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0848293432971 0.0743258471296 114% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.113490855176 0.0701772020484 162% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.181906106384 0.128457276422 142% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.115297605522 0.0628817314937 183% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.2 14.3799401198 85% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 48.3550499002 108% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 12.197005988 88% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.89 12.5979740519 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.5 8.32208582834 90% => OK
difficult_words: 88.0 98.500998004 89% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 12.3882235529 105% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 11.1389221557 86% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.