The following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine:
“Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
In a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine, author claims that manned space flights are costly and dangerous. Hence they should invest their resources in unmanned space flight. I find this argument faulty due to a number of unwarranted assumptions. The author wrongfully assumes that (1) no human involvement in various outer space missions cost a lot of resources, (2) the recent success of unmanned space probes and satellites are representative of all kind of space mission , (3) These unmanned crafts will accurately function and wont need human help in case of any mishap and (4) These unmanned space flights can look for useful information correctly.
First of all, the author assumes that sending men or women in the space cost a lot and is very dangerous. The author does not provide any factual or statistical data to back up this assumption. That is why he also can not say for sure if the cost of unmanned flights is less than manned flights. Also he gives no evidence that compares the danger of a manned flight and unmanned flight.
Second he assumes that only recent success of space probes and satellites will qualify his argument. The author disregards the possibility that the unmanned missions before these "recent" missions were unsuccessful. Evidently only quoting the recent success of these unmanned space flights is not enough as they do not provide the overall data, from all the missions.
Thirdly , The author also assumes that in case of any mishap with these unmanned crafts, they will work perfectly on their own and no human help is required to rectify any problem. But he overlooks the fact that in many cases, there indeed is a requirement of human intelligence which takes care of the working and rectify faults in these kind of satellites or probes.
Finally the author assumes that only these unmanned space crafts can correctly look for the right information. He seems to overlook that in case there is some abnormality with the data or some unexpected situation of getting more desirable information arrives, an unmanned craft, due to lack of any intelligence may overlook the possibility. On the other hand if a human is present there, he can deal with the abnormality of those situations and data, well.
Hence I would say that due to lack of the evidence for the above assumptions the author makes, it is not wise to take his opinions seriously. Also as the author fails to rule out other possible explanations for his assumptions, his argument that "In order to save the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space, they should invest the resources in unmanned space flight." is quite nonviable.
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- Provide argument against the statement of author. 58
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- The following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine:“Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great 58
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 129, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
...space flights are costly and dangerous. Hence they should invest their resources in u...
^^^^^
Line 1, column 254, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...nt faulty due to a number of unwarranted assumptions. The author wrongfully assum...
^^
Line 1, column 492, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...resentative of all kind of space mission , 3 These unmanned crafts will accurately...
^^
Line 3, column 267, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...for sure if the cost of unmanned flights is less than manned flights. Also he giv...
^^
Line 3, column 298, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Also,
...d flights is less than manned flights. Also he gives no evidence that compares the ...
^^^^
Line 5, column 74, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...t success of space probes and satellites will qualify his argument. The author di...
^^
Line 7, column 8, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
... data, from all the missions. Thirdly , The author also assumes that in case of...
^^
Line 7, column 334, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this kind' or 'these kinds'?
Suggestion: this kind; these kinds
...re of the working and rectify faults in these kind of satellites or probes. Finally the...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 1, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Finally,
... these kind of satellites or probes. Finally the author assumes that only these unma...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 217, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...the data or some unexpected situation of getting more desirable information arriv...
^^
Line 11, column 1, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
... of those situations and data, well. Hence I would say that due to lack of the evi...
^^^^^
Line 11, column 143, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Also,
...ot wise to take his opinions seriously. Also as the author fails to rule out other p...
^^^^
Line 11, column 362, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...women into space, they should invest the resources in unmanned space flight.&apos...
^^
Discourse Markers used:
['also', 'but', 'finally', 'first', 'hence', 'if', 'look', 'may', 'second', 'so', 'third', 'thirdly', 'well', 'kind of', 'first of all', 'in many cases', 'on the other hand']
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.249496981891 0.25644967241 97% => OK
Verbs: 0.124748490946 0.15541462614 80% => OK
Adjectives: 0.102615694165 0.0836205057962 123% => OK
Adverbs: 0.056338028169 0.0520304965353 108% => OK
Pronouns: 0.0382293762575 0.0272364105082 140% => Less pronouns wanted. Try not to use 'you, I, they, he...' as the subject of a sentence
Prepositions: 0.120724346076 0.125424944231 96% => OK
Participles: 0.0140845070423 0.0416121511921 34% => Some participles wanted.
Conjunctions: 2.76514546097 2.79052419416 99% => OK
Infinitives: 0.0201207243461 0.026700313972 75% => OK
Particles: 0.00201207243461 0.001811407834 111% => OK
Determiners: 0.122736418511 0.113004496875 109% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.0221327967807 0.0255425247493 87% => OK
WH_determiners: 0.00804828973843 0.0127820249294 63% => OK
Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 2708.0 2731.13054187 99% => OK
No of words: 454.0 446.07635468 102% => OK
Chars per words: 5.96475770925 6.12365571057 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.61598047577 4.57801047555 101% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.345814977974 0.378187486979 91% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.248898678414 0.287650121315 87% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.176211453744 0.208842608468 84% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.107929515419 0.135150697306 80% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.76514546097 2.79052419416 99% => OK
Unique words: 207.0 207.018472906 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.455947136564 0.469332199767 97% => OK
Word variations: 50.6574607362 52.1807786196 97% => OK
How many sentences: 18.0 20.039408867 90% => OK
Sentence length: 25.2222222222 23.2022227129 109% => OK
Sentence length SD: 82.1225371692 57.7814097925 142% => OK
Chars per sentence: 150.444444444 141.986410481 106% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.2222222222 23.2022227129 109% => OK
Discourse Markers: 0.944444444444 0.724660767414 130% => OK
Paragraphs: 6.0 5.14285714286 117% => OK
Language errors: 13.0 3.58251231527 363% => Correct essay format wanted or double check grammar & spelling issues after essay writing.
Readability: 50.1120900636 51.9672348444 96% => OK
Elegance: 1.75229357798 1.8405768891 95% => OK
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.580040245166 0.441005458295 132% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.126569096829 0.135418324435 93% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.0805730825544 0.0829849096947 97% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.60640591436 0.58762219726 103% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.167250434326 0.147661913831 113% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.2510578705 0.193483328276 130% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.106985370707 0.0970749176394 110% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.372938536057 0.42659136922 87% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.0469360128895 0.0774707102158 61% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.387705414128 0.312017818177 124% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0749165046896 0.0698173142475 107% => OK
Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 8.33743842365 84% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 6.87684729064 116% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.82512315271 62% => OK
Positive topic words: 5.0 6.46551724138 77% => OK
Negative topic words: 8.0 5.36822660099 149% => OK
Neutral topic words: 2.0 2.82389162562 71% => OK
Total topic words: 15.0 14.657635468 102% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
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Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6 -- The score is based on the average performance of 20,000 argument essays. This e-grader is not smart enough to check on arguments.
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Note: This is not the final score. The e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.