In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely to make important contributions than the expert
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
It is a common misconception that the newcomer to a field of study is more likely to make important contributions than an expert. There is a limit to the level of creativity a person can bring to bear on any field of inquiry. A person’s mind can only look at one idea at a time. Beginners have no special insight or creativity compared to experts, only a lack of experience. This can lead beginners down rejected paths, not understanding why they were not pursued by experts previously. Sometimes this bears fruit, and other times only shows why the experts previously moved on. It is every bit as likely that long years of careful work, slowly chipping away at a problem piece by piece, leads an expert to break through.
In any field of serious study, major innovations are often inevitable advancements. Albert Einstein’s theories of relativity are thought of as revolutionary, however Lorenz’s theories immediately predicted relativity in its entirety. In fact, relativity is simply computing the solution to a set of constraints and equations proposed by Lorenz, with only minimal insight necessary to achieve the solution. Minkowski later developed the insight necessary to build relativity to its modern understanding by cosmologists. If Einstein’s contributions are taken as insight from a newcomer, the contributions of two experts must also be recognized for the one upstart.
Competitive chess can serve as another ideal example. It takes many years of study and thousands of practical games before anyone can explore the space of games already played and get to a point where the existing theory has not been reached. Chess prodigies such as Igor Smirnov or Hikaru Nakamura reached grandmaster status well before they earned recognition for creating new tactical combinations. Their innovations are both deeply embedded in complex positions that are simply not reached by amateur players. Anna Cramling’s Cow opening, even though it was invented by her as an intermediate player, is regarded as only a minor contribution. Chess prodigies are judged by how quickly they can cover the same ground as previous grandmasters, not on how quickly they can innovate new techniques.
Experts tend to approach fields of inquiry along established lines and using conventional approaches while beginners are more likely to come up with many wild alternatives to explore. Particle physics relies on the Standard Model, which makes the most precise predictions about certain universal constants of any field of science. Many alternatives, such as string theory, MOND, and the Aether have come and gone since the development of the standard model, and every single one of those theories has broken down, while the discovery of the Higgs Boson represented a major confirmation of the standard model. The hundreds of experts working at CERN on a highly conventional approach have gradually improved the Standard Model into one of the most reliable and precise theories ever proposed. In their seemingly small, cautious and incremental method, the experts triumphed where iconoclastic beginners failed time and time again.
It is true that the fresh faced graduate student or new professors often make breakthroughs that grab attention. This is due to two factors; the younger researchers are often in a career stage that is more focused on research than administration or teaching. Also, the younger researchers’ breakthroughs are unexpected, meriting more media attention by the very fact that they are surprising. It is for all of these factors that the beginner is no more likely to make important contributions than experts.
- In any field of inquiry the beginner is more likely to make important contributions than the expert Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you tak 79
- The luxuries of modern life prevent people from developing into strong and independent individuals 83
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, however, if, look, so, well, while, in fact, such as, it is true
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 25.0 19.5258426966 128% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 12.4196629213 64% => OK
Conjunction : 15.0 14.8657303371 101% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 11.3162921348 97% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 33.0505617978 88% => OK
Preposition: 76.0 58.6224719101 130% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 12.9106741573 93% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 3071.0 2235.4752809 137% => OK
No of words: 579.0 442.535393258 131% => OK
Chars per words: 5.30397236615 5.05705443957 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.90534594407 4.55969084622 108% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.03146546618 2.79657885939 108% => OK
Unique words: 318.0 215.323595506 148% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.549222797927 0.4932671777 111% => OK
syllable_count: 963.9 704.065955056 137% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59117977528 107% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 6.24550561798 128% => OK
Article: 6.0 4.99550561798 120% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 3.10617977528 97% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.77640449438 169% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.38483146067 91% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 27.0 20.2370786517 133% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 23.0359550562 91% => OK
Sentence length SD: 44.7655376464 60.3974514979 74% => OK
Chars per sentence: 113.740740741 118.986275619 96% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.4444444444 23.4991977007 91% => OK
Discourse Markers: 2.77777777778 5.21951772744 53% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.97078651685 101% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 7.80617977528 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 13.0 10.2758426966 127% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 5.13820224719 136% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.83258426966 145% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.17239862283 0.243740707755 71% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.046450528911 0.0831039109588 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0618978510075 0.0758088955206 82% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0883356135288 0.150359130593 59% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0441185874637 0.0667264976115 66% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.3 14.1392134831 101% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 41.7 48.8420337079 85% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.92365168539 111% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 12.1743820225 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.46 12.1639044944 111% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.4 8.38706741573 112% => OK
difficult_words: 173.0 100.480337079 172% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 11.8971910112 71% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 11.2143820225 93% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.7820224719 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 79.17 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.75 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, however, if, look, so, well, while, in fact, such as, it is true
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 25.0 19.5258426966 128% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 12.4196629213 64% => OK
Conjunction : 15.0 14.8657303371 101% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 11.3162921348 97% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 33.0505617978 88% => OK
Preposition: 76.0 58.6224719101 130% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 12.9106741573 93% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 3071.0 2235.4752809 137% => OK
No of words: 579.0 442.535393258 131% => OK
Chars per words: 5.30397236615 5.05705443957 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.90534594407 4.55969084622 108% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.03146546618 2.79657885939 108% => OK
Unique words: 318.0 215.323595506 148% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.549222797927 0.4932671777 111% => OK
syllable_count: 963.9 704.065955056 137% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59117977528 107% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 6.24550561798 128% => OK
Article: 6.0 4.99550561798 120% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 3.10617977528 97% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.77640449438 169% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.38483146067 91% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 27.0 20.2370786517 133% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 23.0359550562 91% => OK
Sentence length SD: 44.7655376464 60.3974514979 74% => OK
Chars per sentence: 113.740740741 118.986275619 96% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.4444444444 23.4991977007 91% => OK
Discourse Markers: 2.77777777778 5.21951772744 53% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.97078651685 101% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 7.80617977528 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 13.0 10.2758426966 127% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 5.13820224719 136% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.83258426966 145% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.17239862283 0.243740707755 71% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.046450528911 0.0831039109588 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0618978510075 0.0758088955206 82% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0883356135288 0.150359130593 59% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0441185874637 0.0667264976115 66% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.3 14.1392134831 101% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 41.7 48.8420337079 85% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.92365168539 111% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 12.1743820225 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.46 12.1639044944 111% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.4 8.38706741573 112% => OK
difficult_words: 173.0 100.480337079 172% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 11.8971910112 71% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 11.2143820225 93% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.7820224719 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 79.17 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.75 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.