A fossil skeleton of a dinosaur called Sinosauropteryx, preserved in volcanic ash, was discovered in Liaoning, China, in 1996. Interestingly, the fossil included a pattern of fine lines surrounding the skeletal bones. Some paleontologists interpret the lines as evidence that Sinosauropteryx had feathers. However, critics have opposed the idea that Sinosauropteryx was a feathered dinosaur, citing several reasons.
First, the critics points out that the fine lines may not even represent functional structures of a living dinosaur, but rather structures that were formed after the animal’s death. After the animal died and was buried in volcanic ash, its skin may have decomposed into fibers. The skin fibers then became preserved as lines in the fossil; the lines were misinterpreted as evidence of feathers.
Second, even if the fine lines are remains of real structures of a Sinosauropteryx, scientists cannot tell with certainty what part of the dinosaur’s anatomy the structures were. Many dinosaurs had frills, ornamental fan-shaped structures growing out of some parts of their bodies. Some of the critics argue that the lines surrounding the skeleton are much more likely to be fossilized remains of frills than remains of feathers.
A third objection is based on the fact that the usual functions of feathers are to help animals fly or regulate their internal temperature. However, the structures represented by the lines in the Sinosauropteryx fossil were mostly located along the backbone and the tail of the animal. This would have made the structures quite useless for flight and of very limited use in thermoregulation. This suggests that the lines do not represent feathers.
The reading passage and lecture have conflicting opinions about whether or not a dinosaur called Sinosauropteryx had feathers. The article strongly postulates that individuals objected the idea of Sinosauropteryx was feathered for many compelling reasons. On the other hand, the listening adamantly delinates that evidence was discovered from fossils in China supports the idea of Sinosauropteryx being feathered dinosaur.
First and foremost, according to the author of the excerpt fiber lines were created after the Sinosauropteryx was buried in volcanic ash. his skin decomposed into fiber lines. However, it didn't represent functional structures. Nonetheless, the listening adamantly delinates that lines were not from the skin owing to the fact that the fossils in volcanic ash their functional structures were well preserved, so it's possibly feathers.
The professor in lecture further points out that the remained lines of Sinosauropteryx contain a chemical substance called biocretain. Furthermore, there is a chemical difference between the frills and feathers. frills don't have bioceratin. Consequently, the lines were decomposed from feathers. These claims refute the writer implication of how the lines around the Sinosauropteryx fossils are most likely to be frills.
The article lastly assets that the feathers in animals are to make them fly or to maintain their temperature normal. Also, the lines were located in the back, so it can't be used to fly or regulate the temperature. The speaker in lecture counters these points by insisting that there are other functions of the feathers, for instance, some birds have colorful tails in order to catch their food by attempt their mate. However, some studies showed that the feather of the Sinosauropteryx is yellow and orange, therefore it was used to display.
- Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they called 3
- It is important to know about events happening around the world, even if it is unlikely that they will affect your daily life. 90
- Dowsing 3
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?If people have the opportunity to get a secure job, they should take it right away rather than wait for a job that would be more satisfying.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 73
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Educating children is a more difficult task today than it was in the past because they spend so much time on cell phone, online games, and social networking Web site. 70
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 65, Rule ID: WHETHER[7]
Message: Perhaps you can shorten this phrase to just 'whether'. It is correct though if you mean 'regardless of whether'.
Suggestion: whether
...lecture have conflicting opinions about whether or not a dinosaur called Sinosauropteryx had f...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 139, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: His
...sauropteryx was buried in volcanic ash. his skin decomposed into fiber lines. Howev...
^^^
Line 3, column 189, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
...ecomposed into fiber lines. However, it didnt represent functional structures. Noneth...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 435, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ll preserved, so its possibly feathers. The professor in lecture further points ...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 213, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Frills
...erence between the frills and feathers. frills dont have bioceratin. Consequently, the...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 220, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...between the frills and feathers. frills dont have bioceratin. Consequently, the line...
^^^^
Line 7, column 166, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...e lines were located in the back, so it cant be used to fly or regulate the temperat...
^^^^
Line 7, column 166, Rule ID: IT_VBZ[1]
Message: Did you mean 'cants'?
Suggestion: cants
...e lines were located in the back, so it cant be used to fly or regulate the temperat...
^^^^
Line 7, column 543, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ange, therefore it was used to display.
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, consequently, first, furthermore, however, if, lastly, nonetheless, so, therefore, well, for instance, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 15.1003584229 113% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 9.8082437276 0% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 13.8261648746 51% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 8.0 11.0286738351 73% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 20.0 43.0788530466 46% => OK
Preposition: 35.0 52.1666666667 67% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 8.0752688172 62% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1553.0 1977.66487455 79% => OK
No of words: 279.0 407.700716846 68% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.56630824373 4.8611393121 115% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.08696624509 4.48103885553 91% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.08051953347 2.67179642975 115% => OK
Unique words: 153.0 212.727598566 72% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.548387096774 0.524837075471 104% => OK
syllable_count: 487.8 618.680645161 79% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.51630824373 112% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 9.59856630824 31% => OK
Article: 9.0 3.08781362007 291% => Less articles wanted as sentence beginning.
Subordination: 0.0 3.51792114695 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.86738351254 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.94265232975 40% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 20.6003584229 78% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 17.0 20.1344086022 84% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 51.9308434362 48.9658058833 106% => OK
Chars per sentence: 97.0625 100.406767564 97% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.4375 20.6045352989 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.875 5.45110844103 144% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.53405017921 88% => OK
Language errors: 9.0 5.5376344086 163% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 11.8709677419 42% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 3.85842293907 26% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 10.0 4.88709677419 205% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.203692652717 0.236089414692 86% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0604544384204 0.076458572812 79% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0577492154917 0.0737576698707 78% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.123985956693 0.150856017488 82% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0449940676508 0.0645574589148 70% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.5 11.7677419355 115% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 45.76 58.1214874552 79% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 6.10430107527 144% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 10.1575268817 109% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.73 10.9000537634 135% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.95 8.01818996416 112% => OK
difficult_words: 79.0 86.8835125448 91% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.002688172 80% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.0537634409 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 10.247311828 88% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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We are expecting: No. of Words: 350 while No. of Different Words: 200
Better to have 5 paragraphs with 3 arguments. And try always support/against one side but compare two sides, like this:
para 1: introduction
para 2: reason 1. address both of the views presented for reason 1
para 3: reason 2. address both of the views presented for reason 2
para 4: reason 3. address both of the views presented for reason 3
para 5: conclusion.
So how to find out those reasons. There is a formula:
reasons == advantages or
reasons == disadvantages
for example, we can always apply 'save time', 'save/make money', 'find a job', 'make friends', 'get more information' as reasons to all essay/speaking topics.
or we can apply 'waste time', 'waste money', 'no job', 'make bad friends', 'get bad information' as reasons to all essay/speaking topics.
Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.