In 1938 an archaeologist in Iraq acquired a set of clay jars that had been excavated two years earlier by villagers constructing a railroad line. The vessel was about 2,200 years old. Each clay jay contained a copper cylinder surrounding an iron rod. The archaeologist proposed that vessel were ancient electric batteries and even demonstrated that they can produce a small electric current when filled with some liquids. However, it is not likely that the vessels were actually used as electric batteries in ancient times.
First of all, if the vessels were used as batteries, they would probably have been attached to some electricity conductors such as metal wires. But there is no evidence that any metal wires were located near the vessels. All that has been excavated are the vessels themselves.
Second, the copper cylinders inside the jarslook exactly like copper cylinders discovered in the ruins of Seleucia, an ancientcity located nearby. We know that the copper cylinders from Seleucia were used for holding scrolls of sacred texts, not for generating electricity. Since the cylinders found with the jars have the same shape, it is very likely they were used for holding scrolls as well. That no scrolls were found inside the jars can be explained by the fact that the scrolls simply disintegrated over the centuries.
Finally, what could ancient people have done with the electricity that the vessels were supposed to have generated? They had no devices that replied on electricity. As batteries, the vessels would have been completely useless to them.
The reading discusses a fascinating topic pertaining to reasons which refute the evidence demonstrated that the vessels which have been found in Iraq, used as electric batteries, so, provides several reasons of support. In contrast, the professors was not agree with theses reasons which have mentioned in the reading and opposes each of the author's reasons.
First of all, the author of the reading points out that the electricity vessels must had a metal wires that this clay jar lack of them. However, the profosser believes that it is noticeable to be considered that this vessel has been discovered by people not by archeologists, hence, it might be occurred that wires or other things have not been considered and have been overlooked.
Furthermore, the author of the reading suggests that the simmilarity between copper cylinders inside the jars and copper cylinders in the Selenucia demonstrated that either of them have same structure for holding scrolls of sacred text and could not be used as electric battery. In the lecture, the professors explains that it is true that the copper cylinder of this vessel is similar to copper cylinders in the Selenucia, but the copper cylinder of Selenucia had electrical transparent if that vessel have been full of liquid, so, this evidence confirm the similarity of them again which have not been mentioned in the reading.
Finally, the author believes that electric batteries were useless in that time, but the professor says that this vessel have been used as shoker and also mussel stimulated with docture during that time, also, the source of magic power was due to the power of this vessel.
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- TPO-45 3
- The United Kingdom (sometimes referred to as Britain) has a long and rich history of human settlement. Traces of buildings, tools, and art can be found from periods going back many thousands of years: from the Stone Age, through the Bronze Age, the Iron A 3
- Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues, because in fossils the animals' living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently when it appeared that a 70-millio 3
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All university students should be required to take history courses no matter what their field of study is. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 90
- TPO-45 - Integrated Writing Task 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 257, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'agreed'.
Suggestion: agreed
...rt. In contrast, the professors was not agree with theses reasons which have mentione...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, look, so, in contrast, first of all, it is true
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 12.0772626932 157% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1383.0 1373.03311258 101% => OK
No of words: 272.0 270.72406181 100% => OK
Chars per words: 5.08455882353 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.06108636974 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61960590538 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 133.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.488970588235 0.540411800872 90% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 427.5 419.366225166 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 7.0 13.0662251656 54% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 38.0 21.2450331126 179% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 71.8365491649 49.2860985944 146% => OK
Chars per sentence: 197.571428571 110.228320801 179% => OK
Words per sentence: 38.8571428571 21.698381199 179% => OK
Discourse Markers: 15.2857142857 7.06452816374 216% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.143484980045 0.272083759551 53% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0741645442987 0.0996497079465 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0321205960697 0.0662205650399 49% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0871369283381 0.162205337803 54% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0341492734467 0.0443174109184 77% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 21.9 13.3589403974 164% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 32.91 53.8541721854 61% => OK
smog_index: 11.2 5.55761589404 202% => Smog_index is high.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 18.1 11.0289183223 164% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.78 12.2367328918 104% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.0 8.42419426049 107% => OK
difficult_words: 60.0 63.6247240618 94% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 17.2 10.498013245 164% => OK
text_standard: 22.0 11.2008830022 196% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.