An airship is a type of aircraft that flies using a very large balloon filled with a lighter-than-air gas. Airships were an important means of air transportation before the 1940s but are little used today, having been largely replaced by airplanes and helicopters.However,some aeronautical engineers believe that airships could become popular again because they offer a number of advantages over airplanes and helicopters.
One advantage of airships is that for vertical lift(the force that keeps the ship airborne),they use a balloon that floats rather than an engine.Airplanes and helicopters use engines for both vertical lift and horizontal movement,but airships use engines solely for horizontal movement.So,airships use less fuel than a typical aircraft-thus making their fuel costs more economical.
Another advantage of airships is that they can be used in hard-to-reach locations.Unlike airplanes, airships do not require a long runway for takeoff and landing because of their ability to lift off and land vertically.The only other aircraft capable of ascending into the sky by going straight up and descending straight down to the ground is the helicopter,which can carry only a small amount of weight.Airships,meanwhile,are able to carry very heavy loads.As a result,airships could do jobs that neither airplanes nor helicopters can do,such as carrying heavy logs from forests to distribution centers.
Finally,airships could even be used to replace satellites.Currently, satellites are launched into Earth's orbit carying all kinds of equipment important in telecommunications or in surveying large areas of Earth's surface for military purposes.Since airships can also rise high above the surface and stay there without refueling for a significant amount of time,they could provide services similar to those provided by satellites,and at a considerably cheaper cost.
The reading and the lecture are both about the advantages of the airship, a very large balloon that was widely used for transportation before 1940s, makes it suitable to use nowadays, because some aeronautical engineers believe that it is so popular. The author of the reading passage presents three points to support this concept. However, the professor disagrees and shows that there are several reasons why it can not use widely.
First of all, according to the reading passage, these balloons consume less fuel than helicopters and airplanes. This point is challenged by the lecture. The professor mentions that although they use minimum fuel, they need lighter gases that air to float, such as helium and hydrogen, that the hydrogen is so dangerous to use and can easily explode. Also, the helium is not a good option because it has a lower lifting power.
Secondly, the author in the reading notes that they can use for the places that are hard to reach and can carry very heavy loads and burdens. Additionally, in the article, it is said that. The professor, however, disproves this point as well and says that for this purpose, airships should have the ability to be steady. However, they are very light and large, and as a result, it is hard to make them steady, and wind can easily move them.
The final point in the reading is that airships are the best alternative to satellites and can be used for telecommunications. Nevertheless, the professor disagrees and points out that airships are not quite ready for this application. He notes that these balloons can reach up to 40 kilometers of the surface, and they use a lot of fuel at this height. Therefore, they should send for refilling many times, and it is not acceptable for these applications.
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, therefore, well, such as, as a result, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 10.4613686534 163% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 5.04856512141 198% => OK
Conjunction : 15.0 7.30242825607 205% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 38.0 22.412803532 170% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 24.0 30.3222958057 79% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1462.0 1373.03311258 106% => OK
No of words: 302.0 270.72406181 112% => OK
Chars per words: 4.84105960265 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1687104957 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.69433079754 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 155.0 145.348785872 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.513245033113 0.540411800872 95% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 454.5 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 3.25607064018 276% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 51.3162742217 49.2860985944 104% => OK
Chars per sentence: 97.4666666667 110.228320801 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.1333333333 21.698381199 93% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.53333333333 7.06452816374 107% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.167416859432 0.272083759551 62% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0518542179467 0.0996497079465 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.059034551639 0.0662205650399 89% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.111292782479 0.162205337803 69% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0469586129212 0.0443174109184 106% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.4 13.3589403974 85% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.79 12.2367328918 88% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.34 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.