Archaeologists have recently found a fossil of a 150 million year old mammal known as Repenornamus robustus R robustus Interestingly the mammal s stomach contained the remains of a psittacosaur dinosaur Some researchers have therefore suggested that R rob | TOEFL IELTS GMAT GRE SAT ACT PTE ESL

Essay topics:

Archaeologists have recently found a fossil of a 150-million-year-old mammal known as Repenornamus robustus (R. robustus). Interestingly, the mammal's
stomach contained the remains of a psittacosaur dinosaur. Some researchers have therefore suggested that R. robustus was an active hunter of dinosaurs. However,
a closer analysis has made the hypothesis that R. robustus was an active hunter unlikely. It was probably Just a scavenger that sometimes fed on dinosaur eggs
containing unhatched dinosaurs.

First, R. robustus, like most mammals living 150 million years ago, was small— only about the size of a domestic cat. It was much smaller than psittacosaurs,
which were almost two meters tall when full grown. Given this size difference, it is unlikely that R. robustus would have been able to successfully hunt psittacosaurs
or similar dinosaurs.

Second, the legs of R. robustus appear much more suited for scavenging than hunting: they were short and positioned somewhat to the side rather than
directly underneath the animal. These features suggest that R. robustus did not chase after prey. Psittacosaurs—the type of dinosaur found in the stomach of
R. robustus—were fast moving. It is unlikely that they would have been caught by such short-legged animals.

Third, the dinosaur bones inside the stomach of the R. robustus provide no evidence to support the idea that the dinosaur had been actively hunted. When an animal has been hunted and eaten by another animal, there are usually teeth marks on the bones of the animal that was eaten. But the bones of the psittacosaur
inside the R. robustus stomach do not have teeth marks. This suggests that R. robustus found an unguarded dinosaur nest with eggs and simply swallowed an
egg with the small psittacosaur still inside the eggshell.

The reading states that Repenomamus robustus (R. robustus)is just a scavenger that fed on unprotected dinosaur eggs rather than its predator. The professor states that it's not a scavenger and their is quite possibility that it chased and hunted and refutes each of author's reasons.
First, the reading claims that size of R. robustus is small to hunt psittacosaur dinosaur. The professor refutes this point by saying that it isn't enough to declare it as a non-predator. The professor says that though they are small in size it can't mean they can't consume unhatched dinosaur eggs or dinosaurs similar to the size of R. robustus. In general predators usually weigh more than what they feed on. R. robustus weigh more than twice the weight of dinosaurs with respective to their stomach, thus validating professor's point.
Second, the reading posists that small legs and legs side to it's body make R. robustus fall under scavengers. However, the professor contends that these attributes can't decide the claim. He provides an example of Modern animal, Tasmanian devil which has similar body struture: short legs and legs positioned sidewise to the body; is a successful predator which hunts with greater speed around 15kmph. He states that, likely to Tasmanian devil, the ancient animal R. robustus can be a best predator.
Third, the reading avers that no evidence of teeth on bones on dinosaurs makes R. robustus fall under scavenger category. The profesoor opposes this point by stating that R. robustus have powerful jaws which make them swallow their feed effectively. He states this with proofs that R. robustus lacks back teeth. So, there is no chance to show imprints of teeth on the bones of their feed.

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Essay Categories

Integrated TOEFL Writing

Comments

Essay evaluations by e-grader

Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 191, Rule ID: THEIR_IS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'there'?
Suggestion: there
...sor states that its not a scavenger and their is quite possibility that it chased and...
^^^^^
Line 2, column 142, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: isn't
...or refutes this point by saying that it isnt enough to declare it as a non-predator....
^^^^
Line 2, column 227, Rule ID: ADJECTIVE_IN_ATTRIBUTE[1]
Message: A more concise phrase may lose no meaning and sound more powerful.
Suggestion: small
...The professor says that though they are small in size it cant mean they cant consume unhatche...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 244, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...s that though they are small in size it cant mean they cant consume unhatched dinosa...
^^^^
Line 2, column 244, Rule ID: IT_VBZ[1]
Message: Did you mean 'cants'?
Suggestion: cants
...s that though they are small in size it cant mean they cant consume unhatched dinosa...
^^^^
Line 2, column 259, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...hey are small in size it cant mean they cant consume unhatched dinosaur eggs or dino...
^^^^
Line 3, column 164, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...rofessor contends that these attributes cant decide the claim. He provides an exampl...
^^^^
Line 3, column 482, Rule ID: THE_SUPERLATIVE[1]
Message: Use 'the' with the superlative.
Suggestion: the
..., the ancient animal R. robustus can be a best predator. Third, the reading aver...
^

Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, second, so, third, thus, in general

Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments

Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 35.0 22.412803532 156% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.

Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1426.0 1373.03311258 104% => OK
No of words: 283.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.03886925795 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10153676581 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.53938006178 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 154.0 145.348785872 106% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.544169611307 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 423.9 419.366225166 101% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK

A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.

Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 22.0 13.0662251656 168% => OK
Sentence length: 12.0 21.2450331126 56% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 44.6650528058 49.2860985944 91% => OK
Chars per sentence: 64.8181818182 110.228320801 59% => More chars_per_sentence wanted.
Words per sentence: 12.8636363636 21.698381199 59% => More words per sentence wanted.
Discourse Markers: 2.54545454545 7.06452816374 36% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 4.19205298013 191% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 14.0 4.27373068433 328% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?

Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.127157611152 0.272083759551 47% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.044251262122 0.0996497079465 44% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0547290084134 0.0662205650399 83% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0757451251781 0.162205337803 47% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0323033385118 0.0443174109184 73% => OK

Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 8.7 13.3589403974 65% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 67.76 53.8541721854 126% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 6.8 11.0289183223 62% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.06 12.2367328918 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.58 8.42419426049 90% => OK
difficult_words: 60.0 63.6247240618 94% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.0 10.7273730684 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 6.8 10.498013245 65% => OK
text_standard: 7.0 11.2008830022 62% => The average readability is low. Need to imporve the language.
What are above readability scores?

---------------------

Rates: 71.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.

Essay evaluations by e-grader

Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, however, second, so, third, thus, in general

Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments