The reading and the lecture are about a theory which involves the discovery of very old fossil structures that presumably belong to bees. The author in the article believes that these structures cannot resemble bee nests and also provides some arguments for supporting it. However, the lecturer casts doubt on claims made by the author. She thinks that the evidence presented in the article is not certain.
First, the author claims that there is no evidence of fossil remains of bee nests from 200-million-year-old. In the article is stated that the earliest remains of actual bees come from 100 million years old. Therefore, it seems unlike bees existed before this time. Nevertheless, this idea is challenged by the lecturer who states that the fact that there are no remains of bees in this time, does not mean that bees could exist before 100 million years ago.
Second, the article posits that the absence of flowering plants casts doubt that bees existed 200 million years ago. Due to there is a strong relationship between bees and flowers, it is unlike that these fossil remains resemble bee nests. Nonetheless, the lecturer refutes this hypothesis by clarifying that evolution may have played an important role in this. Furthermore, she points out that bees could take advantage of another type of plant and when flowers appeared, bees adapted to this new plant.
Finally, the article mentions that fossilized chambers discovered do not fit with modern chambers of bees. The author explains that unlike actual chambers, these chambers lack caps in their structures. The lecturer, on the other hand, put forth the idea that these structures present a chemical composition for preventing chambers from water which is the same product that modern bees use for protecting their buildings. Therefore she confirms that these structures were made by bees.
- In recent years, many frog species around the world have declined in numbers or even gone extinct due to changes in their environment. These population declines and extinctions have serious consequences for the ecosystems in which frogs live; for example, 80
- Glass is a favored building material for modern architecture, yet it is also very dangerous for wild birds. Because they often cannot distinguish between glass and open air, millions of birds are harmed every year when they try to fly through glass window 61
- A huge marine mammal known as Steller’s sea cow once lived in the waters around Bering Island off the coast of Siberia. It was described in 1741 by Georg W. Steller, a naturalist who was among the first Europeans to see one. In 1768 the animal became ex 80
- The article and the lecture are about coal ash, which is the waste of power plants, and its effect into the environment consequently, it is suggested that new regulations must be incorporated to the process of energy. The author in the passage believes th 80
- Friendships are considered to be the most important aspect of your entire life. There are different opinions about these relationships. Some people prefer having a lot of friends for a short period of time while others prefer having a small number of frie 70
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 4, column 422, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...ees use for protecting their buildings. Therefore she confirms that these structures were...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, may, nevertheless, nonetheless, second, so, therefore, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 22.0 12.0772626932 182% => OK
Pronoun: 37.0 22.412803532 165% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1561.0 1373.03311258 114% => OK
No of words: 303.0 270.72406181 112% => OK
Chars per words: 5.15181518152 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.17215713816 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.62209092203 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.524752475248 0.540411800872 97% => OK
syllable_count: 462.6 419.366225166 110% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 43.2622814932 49.2860985944 88% => OK
Chars per sentence: 97.5625 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.9375 21.698381199 87% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.5 7.06452816374 106% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.345706108655 0.272083759551 127% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.112323209219 0.0996497079465 113% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0947627778548 0.0662205650399 143% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.198674004945 0.162205337803 122% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0846522314449 0.0443174109184 191% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.3 13.3589403974 92% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.59 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.02 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 67.0 63.6247240618 105% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.