Earthworms have a beneficial effect on the physical and chemical properties of soil. Earthworms change the structure of the soil and improve water drainage. As earthworms dig through compacted soil, they ingest the soil and grind it up. They move organic matter from the surface and mix it deeper into the soil. In the forest, this organic matter is called duff, mostly litter from fallen leaves and decaying branches.
Earthworms benefit plants in every conceivable way. Their burrowing creates channels through which plant roots may more easily penetrate the soil. Earthworms aid in the formation of humus, the organic matter in soil. A high level of humus is associated with soil fertility, so worms are beneficial to forests, agriculture, and gardens. Worm excretions are a valuable source of nitrogen, which assists in plant growth. The bodies of earthworms are rich in proteins, minerals, and vitamins, and when worms die these nutrients are released into the soil.
Earthworms are an important link in the food web because they are a food source for numerous species of animals. They are preyed upon by many species of birds, snakes, and mammals, as well as invertebrates such as beetles and snails. Earthworms are also used as bait in sports fishing and as animal feed in poultry farming. With the help of gardeners and sports fishermen, earthworm populations continue to spread, sometimes at the speed of ten meters a year. Wherever they go, earthworms are a positive force in the ecosystem.
According to the lecturer and reading passage there are several positive points about earthworms and several negative points about earthworms. The lecturer explains that earthworms have many side effects on ecosystem. However, the reading contends that earthworms have many benefits on ecosystem.
The first point that the lecturer makes is that the warms lead to damage soil cover. According to the professor, there was a soil ecologist who noticed that there is a changing in the structure of soil surface near the shoreline, she made a test and noticed a large amount of earthworms. This point from the lecturer contrasts with the reading because the reading only says that Earthworms change the structure of the soil and improve water drainage.
Another point that the lecturer uses to cast doubt on the reading that the warms are taking the organic matters from the surface to down deeper. The lecturer claims that when the warms taking the organic matter from the surfaces so the duff will disappear, duff considered an important source of nutrition to the plants. However, the reading only states that the bodies of earthworms are rich in proteins, minerals, and vitamins, and when worms die these nutrients are released into the soil.
Finally, the professor stated that, on the contrary of the reading disappearing of duff will hurts many animals such as spiders, snails and beetles that depend on it. In other words the negative effects of warms will effects the ecosystem.
This contradicts the final idea of the reading passage because it only says that earthworms have positive force in the ecosystem
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when the warms taking the organic matter from the surfaces
when the warms are taking the organic matter from the surfaces
duff considered an important source of nutrition
duff is considered an important source of nutrition
duff will hurts many animals
duff will hurt many animals
the negative effects of warms will effects the ecosystem.
the negative effects of warms will affect the ecosystem. //affect not effect
flaws:
No. of Grammatical Errors: 4 2
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Attribute Value Ideal
Score: 22 in 30
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 4 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
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No. of Words: 264 250
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No. of Different Words: 121 150
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.031 4.2
Average Word Length: 5.015 4.6
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No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 81 60
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 49 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 28 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 22 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 7.81 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.5 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.422 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.644 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.157 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 4