The lecturer disputes the author's suggested theory that a mass extinction was caused by a reduction in water and an increase in heat in the atmosphere. She provides three concrete reasons to cast doubt about the author's claims.
First, according to the author a massive extinction took place in the Triassic period because of a reduction in sea water level. The speaker however find this ideas debatable. He contends that a gradual reduction in sea level may not cause this problem because animals are capable of adapting to a change in water level.
Second, the lecturer contradict the fallacy of the passage that an elevation of earth surface temperature may also cause animal extinction. The lecturer however argues that theoretically speaking the transient elevation of temperature has no effect on animal extinction. She contends that the elevated levels of sulfur dioxide which is released after volcano eruption is washed away quickly after precipitation.
Finally, the author claims that meteoroids collision may have caused the massive extinction. Again, the lecturer refutes this claim by stating that scientists have not discovered any crater at the site of collision. Thus, it is not possible that a massive extinction may be attributed to the collision theory.
- Did bees (a type of insect) exist on Earth as early as 200 million years ago? Such a theory is supported by the discovery of very old fossil structures that resemble bee nests. The structures have been found inside 200- million-year-old fossilized trees i 83
- coins Norse 80
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person's childhood years (the time from birth to twelve years of age) are the most important years of a person's life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 70
- Many countries require cigarette smokers to pay particularly high taxes on their purchases of cigarettes; similar taxes are being considered for unhealthy foods. The policy of imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has a number of 71
- reading passage.题目原文：Hail—pieces of ice that form and fall from clouds instead of snow or rain—has always been a problem for farmers in some areas of the United States. Hail pellets can fall with great force and destroy crops in the field. O 80
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 155, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...a water level. The speaker however find this ideas debatable. He contends that a gra...
^^^^
Line 7, column 33, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'meteoroids'' or 'meteoroid's'?
Suggestion: meteoroids'; meteoroid's
...ion. Finally, the author claims that meteoroids collision may have caused the massive ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 43, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...nally, the author claims that meteoroids collision may have caused the massive ex...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, may, second, so, thus
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 1.0 7.30242825607 14% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 15.0 22.412803532 67% => OK
Preposition: 25.0 30.3222958057 82% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 5.01324503311 259% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1081.0 1373.03311258 79% => OK
No of words: 202.0 270.72406181 75% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.35148514851 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.76996954942 4.04702891845 93% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.80361093784 2.5805825403 109% => OK
Unique words: 117.0 145.348785872 80% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.579207920792 0.540411800872 107% => OK
syllable_count: 342.9 419.366225166 82% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 31.77841671 49.2860985944 64% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.2727272727 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.3636363636 21.698381199 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.18181818182 7.06452816374 73% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.12558422771 0.272083759551 46% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0489234206264 0.0996497079465 49% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0520665140994 0.0662205650399 79% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0777570557596 0.162205337803 48% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0416619910353 0.0443174109184 94% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.9 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 44.75 53.8541721854 83% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.75 12.2367328918 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.14 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 59.0 63.6247240618 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.