The reading and the lecture are both about massive extinction at the end of Triassic period. The author of the reading feels that rhree possible reasons caused end of life at thar exact period of time. The lecturer challenges the claims made by the author. She is of the opinion that none of the suggested reasons are accurate.
To begin with, the author of the passage argues that extinction might be a consequence of sea level decline. The article mentions that this natural process destroyed precostal and shallow water inhabitants which caused violation in food chain and led to mass extinction. This specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. He claims scientists agree with fluctuation of water during that period of time; however it is unlikely to cause destruction of species. Additionally, he says change of sea level lasted for million years, but to bring distinction it should have happened suddenly.
Secondly, the writer suggests a version of cool climate. In the article, it is said that volcanic eruptions at that time period cause release of sulfur dioxide to atmosphere, which is likely to cause global temperature decline. The lecturer, however, rebuts this by mentioning its presense in atmosphere nowadays.It combines with water in atmosphere and falls as a rain, so it will bw incorrect to state that large amount of sulfur dioxide could have caused extinction.
Finally, the author posits that asteroid hit probably was a reason. Moreover, it is stated in the article that soil, displaced after asteroid strike, raced into atmosphere and blocked sunlight for month or even years which caused death of plants and animals. In contrast, the lecturer’s position is absence of asteroid. He elabortes on this by bringing up the point that none of craters after asteroid hit were found. Only craters that were found belong to period of twelve years before.
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is important to know about events happening around the world, even if it is unlikely that they will affect your daily life. 70
- In 1995 a microscopic fungus called phytophthora ramorum, or P. ramorum, was first detected in the forests of the western United States. P. ramorum infects trees and causes particularly serious damage in oak trees: in many infected oaks, leaves wither rap 3
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for governments to spend money to improve Internet access than to improve public transportation. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 76
- Discuss a significant issue in your home country about which you are passionate and describe how you would use the education you obtain at our institution, American University (AU), Washington, DC, to create positive civic and social change once you retur 11
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?In the past it was easier to identify what type of career or job would lead to a secure, successful future.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 76
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 187, Rule ID: PERIOD_OF_TIME[1]
Message: Use simply 'period'.
Suggestion: period
...easons caused end of life at thar exact period of time. The lecturer challenges the claims mad...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 203, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...d of life at thar exact period of time. The lecturer challenges the claims made by ...
^^^
Line 2, column 390, Rule ID: PERIOD_OF_TIME[1]
Message: Use simply 'period'.
Suggestion: period
...e with fluctuation of water during that period of time; however it is unlikely to cause destru...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 515, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a million'.
Suggestion: a million
... he says change of sea level lasted for million years, but to bring distinction it shou...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 313, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: It
...ing its presense in atmosphere nowadays.It combines with water in atmosphere and f...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, in contrast, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 51.0 30.3222958057 168% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 5.01324503311 239% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1580.0 1373.03311258 115% => OK
No of words: 308.0 270.72406181 114% => OK
Chars per words: 5.12987012987 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.18926351222 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.68272208911 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 179.0 145.348785872 123% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.581168831169 0.540411800872 108% => OK
syllable_count: 488.7 419.366225166 117% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 3.25607064018 246% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 52.9417647026 49.2860985944 107% => OK
Chars per sentence: 92.9411764706 110.228320801 84% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.1176470588 21.698381199 83% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.0 7.06452816374 71% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 10.0 4.27373068433 234% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.182658821617 0.272083759551 67% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0522885719363 0.0996497079465 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0507934954428 0.0662205650399 77% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.102179469108 0.162205337803 63% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0349104945221 0.0443174109184 79% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.8 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.18 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.94 8.42419426049 106% => OK
difficult_words: 86.0 63.6247240618 135% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.