At the end of the Triassic period 200 million years ago, there was a mass-extinction event that caused the extinction of more than half of all living species. It was this extinction event that allowed dinosaurs to become the dominant species for the next 145 million years. We do not know exactly what happened that eliminated so many species in a relatively short period of time, but there are several possible explanations. One theory involves the decline of sea levels. Near the end of the Triassic period, sea levels were fluctuating. When sea levels fall, the habitats for ocean populations that live in the shallows and land species that live on the coast are destroyed. The destruction of coastal and shallow-ocean species would have had a profound effect on food chains worldwide, leading to mass extinctions. Another theory involves massive climate cooling. The end of the Triassic period was marked by widespread volcanic activity. The volcanoes released large amounts of sulfur dioxide (S02). A rise in atmospheric S02 is known to cause a lowering in global temperatures. Such climate change could have devastated many species and led to the extinctions. The third theory involves an asteroid strike. Asteroids (objects from outer space) occasionally collide with Earth. When an asteroid hits Earth’s surface, it often displaces large amounts of soil and crushed rock, leaving behind a depression, or crater. The displaced debris is thrown up into the atmosphere where it can block out sunlight for many months or even a few years. A sufficiently massive asteroid impact at the end of the Triassic period may have blocked sunlight long enough for most plants to die and many animal species to then starve.
The reading and lecture are about great extinction occurred 200 million years ago. In the reading, three possible interpretations were mentioned. However, the lecturer is the opinion of these explanations are faulty.
Firstly, the author states that sea level was fluctuating and fell, thus it occasioned demise of some animals which were living near to the shore. Therefore, mass extinction caused due to void of certain animals of food chain. This specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. She mentions that sea level was fluctuation steadily and creatures were available to adapt the gradual change. Moreover, only abrupt change would have caused the destruction, which means that the stead modification did not posed large difficulty for the animals.
Secondly, in the passage, it is stated that sulfur dioxide which was emitted from the volcano posed temperature shift. Hence, the faunas and floras could not survive in the freezing environment. Nonetheless, the lecturer refutes this idea by claiming that the certain gas was cleared out from the atmosphere by the rain. Furthermore, only long run of the presence of the gas would have influence the climate profoundly, which posits that the gas did not pose problem for the living species.
Finally, the author claims that asteriod hit the earth and relocated broken stones and soil to the atmosphere. Afterwards, the risen solid substances blocked the sunlight, which is significant for the growth of the vegetation. Because the floras could not grow, herbivores could not find enough food. The lecturer, however, states that no crater was found from the earth which dates from the two hundred million years ago. Even though the crater which was created before four hundred million years, it is too long time for meteors to cause extinction after myriads of year.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 505, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'did' requires the base form of the verb: 'pose'
Suggestion: pose
...ans that the stead modification did not posed large difficulty for the animals. S...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, first, firstly, furthermore, hence, however, if, moreover, nonetheless, second, secondly, so, therefore, thus
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 15.0 22.412803532 67% => OK
Preposition: 27.0 30.3222958057 89% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1545.0 1373.03311258 113% => OK
No of words: 293.0 270.72406181 108% => OK
Chars per words: 5.27303754266 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.13729897018 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.608870684 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 170.0 145.348785872 117% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.580204778157 0.540411800872 107% => OK
syllable_count: 459.0 419.366225166 109% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 34.0985747909 49.2860985944 69% => OK
Chars per sentence: 90.8823529412 110.228320801 82% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.2352941176 21.698381199 79% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.94117647059 7.06452816374 98% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.195039545308 0.272083759551 72% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0569500100349 0.0996497079465 57% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0623910127342 0.0662205650399 94% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.115867363389 0.162205337803 71% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0274831335597 0.0443174109184 62% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.0 13.3589403974 90% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.99 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.17 8.42419426049 109% => OK
difficult_words: 87.0 63.6247240618 137% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 86.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.