At the end of the Triassic period 200 million years ago, there was a mass-extinction event that caused the extinction of more than half of all living species. It was this extinction event that allowed dinosaurs to become the dominant species for the next 145 million years. We do not know exactly what happened that eliminated so many species in a relatively short period of time, but there are several possible explanations.
One theory involves the decline of sea levels. Near the end of the Triassic period, sea levels were fluctuating. When sea levels fall, the habitats for ocean populations that live in the shallows and land species that live on the coast are destroyed. The destruction of coastal and shallow-ocean species would have had a profound effect on food chains worldwide, leading to mass extinctions.
Another theory involves massive climate cooling. The end of the Triassic period was marked by widespread volcanic activity. The volcanoes released large amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO2). A rise in atmospheric SO2 is known to cause a lowering in global temperatures. Such climate change could have devastated many species and led to the extinctions.
The third theory involves an asteroid strike. Asteroids (objects from outer space) occasionally collide with Earth. When an asteroid hits Earth’s surface, it often displaces large amounts of soil and crushed rock, leaving behind a depression, or crater. The displaced debris is thrown up into the atmosphere where it can block out sunlight for many months or even a few years. A sufficiently massive asteroid impact at the end of the Triassic period may have blocked sunlight long enough for most plants to die and many animal species to then starve.
The author of the reading passage proposes several explanations to the mass extinction at the end of the Triassic. However, the speaker in the lecture deems those point are not convinciable.
To begin with, the author claims that sea levels declining led to the distinction of species habitating ocean or the coast, negatively influencing the worldwide food chains. On the contrary, the lecturer contends that the decline of sea level was not sudden change. Instead, it happened gradually over several million years, which was along period for animals living in shollow water or coast to adapt, avoiding distinction.
Second, the passage says that massive cooling brought by volcanic activity eliminated species. However, the speaker couinters this argument by emphaszing that sulfur dioxide released forom volcano eruption would not stay in a long time as SO2 presented in atmosphere would combine with water and go back to the earth in the rainfall. As the result, SO2 could be cleared out and it could not cool down the temperatures and cuase a mass distinction.
Finally , opposing to the third view made by the author that the impact of an asteroid strick blocked the sunlight and then caused species to die out, the speaker argues that the date of ateroid strick happened was ahead of the distinction for over 12 millions years. The dismatched time point shows the unconvinciable of the author's point.
- It is commonly believed that in life success is not the most important thing it is more important to remain happy and optimistic when we fail Do you agree with that idea Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 76
- In 1957 a European silver coin dating to the eleventh century was discovered at a Native American archaeological site in the state of Maine in the United States Many people believed the coin had been originally brought to North America by European explore 85
- In today s world it is more important to work quickly and risk making mistakes than to work slowly and make sure that everything is correct 73
- Imagine that you are in a classroom or a meeting The teacher or the meeting leader says something incorrect In your opinion which of the following is the best thing to do Interrupt and correct the mistake right away Wait until the class or meeting is over 80
- Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks so they called the 80
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 8, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...and cuase a mass distinction. Finally , opposing to the third view made by the ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, however, second, so, then, third, on the contrary, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 5.0 10.4613686534 48% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 7.0 12.0772626932 58% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 10.0 22.412803532 45% => OK
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1186.0 1373.03311258 86% => OK
No of words: 230.0 270.72406181 85% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.15652173913 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.89432290496 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.67862892938 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 144.0 145.348785872 99% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.626086956522 0.540411800872 116% => OK
syllable_count: 351.0 419.366225166 84% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 64.7414086964 49.2860985944 131% => OK
Chars per sentence: 118.6 110.228320801 108% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.0 21.698381199 106% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.3 7.06452816374 103% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.16071482025 0.272083759551 59% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0541215937988 0.0996497079465 54% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0620930243541 0.0662205650399 94% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0922094138315 0.162205337803 57% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0462865020526 0.0443174109184 104% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.4 13.3589403974 108% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 53.8541721854 105% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.94 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.17 8.42419426049 109% => OK
difficult_words: 64.0 63.6247240618 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.