Investigations made at laboratories in the various parts of the world indicate that apes are capable of understanding language and using linguistic responses at the level of young children. just because these animals do not have the physical apparatus for producing speech, we should not assume that they cannot understand and learn language. according to researchers who have worked closely with apes, when these animals are given other means to communicate, they do indeed show sophisticated communicative abilities. these researchers provide evidence of gorillas using signs to show humor, to insult, o threaten, to produce metaphorical language, and to engage in fantasy play.
Koko, a lowland gorilla, seems to have understood a poem written about her. tests of Koko's auditory comprehension showed that she was able to distinguish between words such as funny, money and bunny. similar claims have been made for Michael, a male companion of Koko's, who also learned to discriminate between many sounds.
Washoe, an adult chimpanzee raised as if she were a deaf child, was able to translate words she heard into american sign language. another study consisted of teaching a chimpanzee named kanzi how to communicate using keyboard of symbols. this study compared the series of stages that a human child goes through these stages in much the same way as children, up to a particular stage of development, and in fact, did better than a young child on a test that measured only the ability to comprehend given requests.
The reading and the lecture are both about the question whether or not apes can communicate by the use language. The author of the reading feels that apes can communicate though not with the use of verbal language The lecturer challenges the claims made by the author. He is of the opinion that more evidence is required to make a valid conclusion about communication of apes.
To begin with, the author argues that apes are able to share their emotions even though they lack the physical apparatus. The article mentions that the apes have learned to react and show different emotions based on other means of communication. this specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. he claims that the evidence of apes communicating are not scientifically proven. Additionally, he says as we are able unable to find how humans learn to communicate and because of this we cannot compare the two organisms.
Secondly, the writer says that koko and her friend Michael were able to understand the sound.
In the article, it is said that koko was even able to understand the poem written on her and both of them were able to differentiate similar sounding words very aptly. The lecturer, however rebut this by mentioning that language has a definition which does not comply with language of apes. He elaborates on this by bringing up the point that the language used by humans is used creatively which includes pauses and comment over one another but such conditions are absent in the language of apes. Moreover, he undermines the conclusion drawn by researchers on animals that they might have some emotional attachment towards animals which is making them to give such vague conclusion.
Finally, the author posits that apes can learn the sign language and can perform better than human children. moreover, in the article it is stated that Washoe whose upbringing done as if she was deaf, successfully translated the American sign language. Apart from this, Kanzi another ape, who was taught symbols along with children performed even better than human children in the tests. In contrast, the lecturer's position is that as of now no argument can be made whether or not apes are able to communicate. However, a conclusive statement can be given using MRI we can compare the functioning of the human brain and apes brain, and if they appears similar then they communicate otherwise not.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-10-11 | fofty | 81 | view |
| 2019-10-08 | suhas201227 | 80 | view |
| 2016-12-12 | pires86 | 52 | view |
| 2016-10-09 | kantanandana | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 44, Rule ID: WHETHER[5]
Message: Can you shorten this phrase to just 'whether', or rephrase the sentence to avoid "the question"?
Suggestion: whether
... reading and the lecture are both about the question whether or not apes can communicate by the use ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 247, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
... based on other means of communication. this specific argument is challenged by the ...
^^^^
Line 5, column 301, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: He
...argument is challenged by the lecturer. he claims that the evidence of apes commun...
^^
Line 15, column 110, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Moreover
...can perform better than human children. moreover, in the article it is stated that Washo...
^^^^^^^^
Line 15, column 467, Rule ID: WHETHER[7]
Message: Perhaps you can shorten this phrase to just 'whether'. It is correct though if you mean 'regardless of whether'.
Suggestion: whether
... that as of now no argument can be made whether or not apes are able to communicate. However, ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 15, column 645, Rule ID: NON3PRS_VERB[2]
Message: The pronoun 'they' must be used with a non-third-person form of a verb: 'appear'
Suggestion: appear
...human brain and apes brain, and if they appears similar then they communicate otherwise...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, then, apart from, in contrast, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 21.0 10.4613686534 201% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 38.0 22.412803532 170% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 48.0 30.3222958057 158% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 5.01324503311 239% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1997.0 1373.03311258 145% => OK
No of words: 400.0 270.72406181 148% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.9925 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.472135955 4.04702891845 111% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.69312898874 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 202.0 145.348785872 139% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.505 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 636.3 419.366225166 152% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 37.5162927569 49.2860985944 76% => OK
Chars per sentence: 110.944444444 110.228320801 101% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.2222222222 21.698381199 102% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.72222222222 7.06452816374 81% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.27373068433 211% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.137365135007 0.272083759551 50% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0450732635818 0.0996497079465 45% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.028203415563 0.0662205650399 43% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0735057061929 0.162205337803 45% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0232939209068 0.0443174109184 53% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.2 13.3589403974 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 53.8541721854 91% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.96 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.16 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 87.0 63.6247240618 137% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.