Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.
First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity—a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.
Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances.
Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
Both the reading and the lecture are talking about how whales navigate theirs ways in the distance migration that they have for feeding and mating purposes. The author believes that whales use stars to find their roots and have some reasons for hyphothesis which mentioned. But the lecturer cast doubts on the reasons and he thinks that the reasons are not compelling.
First, The writer states that whales are intelligent animals so they can exerts complex systems like navigationg by stars. On the other hand, the lecturer believes there is not any relations between animals intelligent and their ability to use navigation by stars. He illustrate more by an example of dogs that although the dogs are not intelligent sufficiently but they can navigate by stars.
Secondly, The author asserts that whales movation in the straight lines, without using land mark for navigating, is another reason they use stars for navigating. Still, the lecturer thinks that external object may the reason of their specular motion. He thinks that they can use the magnetic feild navigating that that the ability is exist in some animal intrinsic.
Finally, the reading says about unusual behavaior in whales like spy-hopping which may indicated that they look at the stars. But, the lecturer claims that this behavior is exist in the sharks either. shark don't migrate long distances but only they use this behavior for hunting.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 74, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'can' requires the base form of the verb: 'exert'
Suggestion: exert
...les are intelligent animals so they can exerts complex systems like navigationg by sta...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 269, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'He' must be used with a third-person verb: 'illustrates'.
Suggestion: illustrates
... ability to use navigation by stars. He illustrate more by an example of dogs that althoug...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 310, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: that
...y can use the magnetic feild navigating that that the ability is exist in some animal int...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 335, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'existed'.
Suggestion: existed
...ild navigating that that the ability is exist in some animal intrinsic. Finally, t...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 174, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'existed'.
Suggestion: existed
...e lecturer claims that this behavior is exist in the sharks either. shark dont migrat...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 202, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Shark
...behavior is exist in the sharks either. shark dont migrate long distances but only th...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 208, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...or is exist in the sharks either. shark dont migrate long distances but only they us...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, look, may, second, secondly, so, still, talking about, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 28.0 22.412803532 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 22.0 30.3222958057 73% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1192.0 1373.03311258 87% => OK
No of words: 231.0 270.72406181 85% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.16017316017 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.89854898053 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.44303937157 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 122.0 145.348785872 84% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.528138528139 0.540411800872 98% => OK
syllable_count: 359.1 419.366225166 86% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 27.3692599259 49.2860985944 56% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 99.3333333333 110.228320801 90% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.25 21.698381199 89% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.75 7.06452816374 110% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.253802962657 0.272083759551 93% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.095292093294 0.0996497079465 96% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0834271532091 0.0662205650399 126% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.156633408303 0.162205337803 97% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.05167869218 0.0443174109184 117% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.5 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.65 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.34 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 55.0 63.6247240618 86% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.