The lecture and reading are both about whether humpback whales use stars to navigate or not. While the author of the reading passage presents some reasons to prove that humpback whales use stars to navigate, the professor refutes all these reasons. He states that the fact that humpback whales use stars to find their way is staggering, but none of the evidence proposed by the writer seems convincing. The lecturer casts doubt on the main points made in the passage by providing three controversial reasons.
In the reading, the author begins by saying that humpback whales are intelligent enough to use stars as a means of orientation while they are migrating. However, the professor disagrees with this idea. He asserts that there is no connection between intelligence and the ability to use the night sky for navigation. He continues by saying that there are so many animals that are not intelligent but still use stars for orientation, such as ducks. The professor believes that the ability to navigate by stars is the instinct of some animals.
Furthermore, according to the reading passage, animals like humpback whales can move for a long time in a straight direction only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. As there are no objects or landmarks but stars in the ocean, humpback whales are likely to use stars for navigation. On the other hand, the professor points out that using Eath's magnetic field, humpback whales are able to maintain their course while they are migrating. They have an organ in their brain, which is called biomagnetic, helping them to orient themselves by Earth's magnetic field.
Finally, the writer believes that humpback whales exhibit spy-hopping in order to look at the stars in the sky for navigation. Not surprisingly, the professor rejects this claim by contending that other animals, which do not migrate, also demonstrate spy-hopping, such as sharks. Sharks perform spy-hopping to look for prey. Moreover, in some cases, humpback whales exhibit spy-hopping during the day when they are no stars in the sky.
To sum up, both the author and the lecturer hold conflicting views on the reasons that provide evidence that humpback whales use stars to navigate.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, furthermore, however, if, look, moreover, so, still, while, such as, in some cases, to sum up, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 47.0 30.3222958057 155% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1868.0 1373.03311258 136% => OK
No of words: 367.0 270.72406181 136% => OK
Chars per words: 5.08991825613 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.37689890912 4.04702891845 108% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.66586686499 2.5805825403 103% => OK
Unique words: 171.0 145.348785872 118% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.465940054496 0.540411800872 86% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 567.0 419.366225166 135% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 36.5799057704 49.2860985944 74% => OK
Chars per sentence: 103.777777778 110.228320801 94% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.3888888889 21.698381199 94% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.33333333333 7.06452816374 104% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.243681427742 0.272083759551 90% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0882618974617 0.0996497079465 89% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0620495134997 0.0662205650399 94% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.144342712177 0.162205337803 89% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0435013189724 0.0443174109184 98% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.7 13.3589403974 95% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.24 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.77 8.42419426049 92% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 63.6247240618 115% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.