Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
Each of the arguments about the benefits of cigarette and other such taxes can be challenged.
First, these taxes don't necessarily lead to healthier behavior. For instance, high cigarette taxes have led some smokers to buy cheaper lower quality cigarettes. Such cigarettes typically contain even more harmful substances than better quality cigarettes and present even greater health risks. Similarly, imagine how some consumers might react to higher taxes on unhealthy foods. They might continue buying the unhealthy foods they prefer even if they're more expensive. And as a result, have less money left to spend on healthy foods. That certainly wouldn't benefit their health.
Second, there are different ways of thinking about fairness. It might seem fair for people indulging in unhealthy behaviors to pay for the consequences of those behaviors through high taxes. But some people would argue that these taxes are unfair, because they don't take into account people's incomes. If a high-earning person and a lower-earning person are addicted to cigarettes and each smokes a pack of cigarettes a day. Paying the tax would be a greater expense for the low earner relative to his or her income. The same argument applies to the food taxes. So many people believe that these taxes are not fair because they create a much greater burden for those with smaller incomes than for those with higher incomes.
Finally, the fact that governments can use this tax revenue for various projects has the downside. This income represents millions and millions of dollars and governments become dependent on it and don't want to lose it. In consequence, the governments might not be forceful enough pursuing policies and implementing laws that might eliminate unhealthy habits altogether. For example, they are unlikely to adopt radical measure such as not allowing smoking in outdoor public areas such as parks or even banning smoking in all outdoor areas, public or private, because they don't want to lose this income.
the article states that taxes in harmful area such as smoking cigarettes and eating unhealthy food have a number of social benefits and provides three reasons for support. However, the professor explains that these benefits presented in the article lead to many challenges and refutes each the author's reasons.
first, the reading claims that these taxes discourage people using such harmfull substances. the professor opposes this point by saying that higher taxes lead to buy cheaper materials. again, cheaper materials have low quality, means, not only have more harm and injury to consumers, but also great healthier problems.
second, the article posits that financially benefits is result of this policy because covering the medical cost by government is one benefits. in contrast, the professor says that there is differences between income of poor people and wealthy people. high taxes is expensive for poor people with lowe earn rather than people with more earn. according to the professor, this policy creat much gap between both lower earner and high earner.
third, the reading says that governmet can use taxes income for investing on other public projects. the professor casts doubt on this point by explaining that investment in public facilities reqire huge amount of money. if government can pass a law smoking ban in public area such as public places, loss income is resulted of this law and governmet never do this work.
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| 2019-10-06 | farshad_hom | 86 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
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Suggestion: The
the article states that taxes in harmful ar...
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...futes each the authors reasons. first, the reading claims that these taxes di...
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Suggestion: The
... people using such harmfull substances. the professor opposes this point by saying ...
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...er taxes lead to buy cheaper materials. again, cheaper materials have low quality, me...
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Suggestion: Second
... also great healthier problems. second, the article posits that financially be...
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Suggestion: In
...cal cost by government is one benefits. in contrast, the professor says that there...
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Line 13, column 181, Rule ID: THERE_S_MANY[3]
Message: Did you mean 'there are differences'?
Suggestion: there are differences
...s. in contrast, the professor says that there is differences between income of poor people and wealt...
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...come of poor people and wealthy people. high taxes is expensive for poor people with...
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...earn rather than people with more earn. according to the professor, this policy creat muc...
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...h lower earner and high earner. third, the reading says that governmet can us...
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Suggestion: The
...for investing on other public projects. the professor casts doubt on this point by ...
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Suggestion: If
...facilities reqire huge amount of money. if government can pass a law smoking ban i...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, second, so, third, in contrast, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 5.0 10.4613686534 48% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 16.0 22.412803532 71% => OK
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1236.0 1373.03311258 90% => OK
No of words: 232.0 270.72406181 86% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.3275862069 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.90276135726 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.40946348151 2.5805825403 93% => OK
Unique words: 140.0 145.348785872 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.603448275862 0.540411800872 112% => OK
syllable_count: 365.4 419.366225166 87% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 25.9352827031 49.2860985944 53% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 103.0 110.228320801 93% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.3333333333 21.698381199 89% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.83333333333 7.06452816374 83% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 12.0 4.19205298013 286% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.18325520633 0.272083759551 67% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0687971121583 0.0996497079465 69% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0605887025185 0.0662205650399 91% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.112682922268 0.162205337803 69% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.04450022016 0.0443174109184 100% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.3 13.3589403974 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.63 12.2367328918 111% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.0 8.42419426049 107% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 86.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.