In the past century, the steady growth of the human population and the corresponding increase in agriculture and pesticide use have caused much harm to wildlife in the United States—birds in particular. Unfortunately for birds, these trends are likely to continue, with the result that the number of birds in the United States will necessarily decline.
First, as human populations and settlements continue to expand, birds’ natural habitats will continue to disappear. Forests, wetlands, and grasslands will give way to ever more homes, malls, and offices. As the traditional areas suitable for birds keep decreasing, so will the size of the bird populations that depend on those vanishing habitats.
Second, agricultural activities must increase to keep pace with the growing human population. The growth of agriculture will also result in the further destruction of bird habitats as more and more wilderness areas are converted to agricultural use. As a result, bird populations in rural areas will continue to decline.
Third, as human settlements expand and agriculture increases, the use of chemical pesticides will also increase. Pesticides are poisons designed to kill agricultural and home garden pests, such as insects, but inevitably, pesticides get into the water and into the food chain for birds where they can harm birds. Birds that eat the poisoned insects or drink contaminated water can die as a result, and even if pesticides do not kill birds outright, they can prevent them from reproducing successfully. So pesticides have significantly contributed to declines in bird population, and because there will continue to be a need to control agricultural pests in the future, this decline will continue.
Both the reading and the lecture discuss how the continued growth of human population has a serious implication on birds in the United States. The writer provides three pieces of evidence supporting that human's expansion has caused birds population to decrease. In the listening portion, however, the lecturer believes none of the mentioned arguments is true or convincing, therefore, all points are ineffective.
First, as human continue exploiting new areas, birds' natural dwellers will disappear, the author reports. Indeed, people have started replacing forests, grasslands by homes and many other facilities which, in turn, will leave no place for birds to occupy. On the other hand, the speaker disagrees with this belief by stating that it is true that some kinds of birds have been affected, but many others have gotten benefited from the situation. She reports that many individuals who live in the city have complained by the tremendous number of birds like hawk. Therefore, the size of the bird populations has not declined, as the reading claim.
Second, the author states that the increase in agricultural activities have led to destruction of bird habitats, especially more wilderness areas are being converted to agricultural areas. In contrast, the speaker refutes this statement. She says that it is true the agricultural activities have risen, as the years come by, less and less areas are being used because experts are adopting more advanced tactics to grow more crop to limit the wilderness conversion.
Finally, the writer wraps up his argument by explaining that as human settle in new areas, they will use more pesticides to save their yields which, in turn, will affect the birds' population negatively. Furthermore, sometimes, pesticides might not kill birds instantly, they will prevent them to reproduce. Conversely, the lecturer rebuts this point by saying that people have become aware of the bad consequences of pesticides usage. She elaborates that humans have started using less toxic pesticide and modified crops which won't attract pets. Hence, today’s pesticides, they won't reduce the birds' number due to their high safety level nowadays.
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 205, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'humans'' or 'human's'?
Suggestion: humans'; human's
...hree pieces of evidence supporting that humans expansion has caused birds population t...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 341, Rule ID: FEWER_LESS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'fewer'? The noun areas is countable.
Suggestion: fewer
...e risen, as the years come by, less and less areas are being used because experts ar...
^^^^
Line 4, column 175, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'birds'' or 'bird's'?
Suggestion: birds'; bird's
... yields which, in turn, will affect the birds population negatively. Furthermore, som...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, finally, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, second, so, therefore, well, in contrast, it is true, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 39.0 30.3222958057 129% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1842.0 1373.03311258 134% => OK
No of words: 344.0 270.72406181 127% => OK
Chars per words: 5.35465116279 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.30665032142 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.70562556184 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 202.0 145.348785872 139% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.587209302326 0.540411800872 109% => OK
syllable_count: 568.8 419.366225166 136% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 46.1138197832 49.2860985944 94% => OK
Chars per sentence: 115.125 110.228320801 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.5 21.698381199 99% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.5625 7.06452816374 121% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 4.33554083885 208% => Less positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.292072791265 0.272083759551 107% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0933001951561 0.0996497079465 94% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0508352336303 0.0662205650399 77% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.166879146618 0.162205337803 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0265170163126 0.0443174109184 60% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.5 13.3589403974 109% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 41.7 53.8541721854 77% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 11.0289183223 115% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.75 12.2367328918 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.5 8.42419426049 113% => OK
difficult_words: 105.0 63.6247240618 165% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 205, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'humans'' or 'human's'?
Suggestion: humans'; human's
...hree pieces of evidence supporting that humans expansion has caused birds population t...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 341, Rule ID: FEWER_LESS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'fewer'? The noun areas is countable.
Suggestion: fewer
...e risen, as the years come by, less and less areas are being used because experts ar...
^^^^
Line 4, column 175, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'birds'' or 'bird's'?
Suggestion: birds'; bird's
... yields which, in turn, will affect the birds population negatively. Furthermore, som...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, finally, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, second, so, therefore, well, in contrast, it is true, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 39.0 30.3222958057 129% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1842.0 1373.03311258 134% => OK
No of words: 344.0 270.72406181 127% => OK
Chars per words: 5.35465116279 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.30665032142 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.70562556184 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 202.0 145.348785872 139% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.587209302326 0.540411800872 109% => OK
syllable_count: 568.8 419.366225166 136% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 46.1138197832 49.2860985944 94% => OK
Chars per sentence: 115.125 110.228320801 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.5 21.698381199 99% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.5625 7.06452816374 121% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 4.33554083885 208% => Less positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.292072791265 0.272083759551 107% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0933001951561 0.0996497079465 94% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0508352336303 0.0662205650399 77% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.166879146618 0.162205337803 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0265170163126 0.0443174109184 60% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.5 13.3589403974 109% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 41.7 53.8541721854 77% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 11.0289183223 115% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.75 12.2367328918 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.5 8.42419426049 113% => OK
difficult_words: 105.0 63.6247240618 165% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.