Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific arguments presented in the reading passage.
Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.
First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales' brains have a high degree of complexity'a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales' brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales' well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.
Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances.
Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
The author of the article suggests that the humpback whales migrate the long distances by the star and bring serious evidence to support the hypothesis. However, the lecturer in the reading disagrees with that proposal and takes other evidence to break the writer's statement.
The author first states that the whale has a complex intelligence to orientation, but the truth is the orientation is not parallel to the intelligence. As the birds and ducks have the ability to navigate, there's no connection to their intelligence. The reason why those birds and ducks have the ability to navigate is that the instinct ability to make those animals to orientation the road.
Also, the writer claims that the reason why the humpback whale always migrates in a straight line is since the whale cannot see the land as bords to go straight, humpback whales look stars to go straight. This statement also betrayed by the lecturer and the lecturer says the humpback whale has the magnetic field to orientation to go straight that the theory to looks at stars is ridiculous.
The writer still not give up and indicates that the humpback whale has an ability as spy-hopping that makes the humpback whale usually watch the star. However, this theory still refuted by the speaker and stated that the shark also has spy-hopping but the shark is used to hunt the food. Besides, the humpback whale usually spa-hopping in the morning that the star cannot be seen easily.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 258, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'writers'' or 'writer's'?
Suggestion: writers'; writer's
...l and takes other evidence to break the writers statement. The author first states tha...
^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 44, Rule ID: A_UNCOUNTABLE[3]
Message: Uncountable nouns are usually not used with an indefinite article. Use simply 'complex intelligence'.
Suggestion: complex intelligence
... author first states that the whale has a complex intelligence to orientation, but the truth is the or...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 205, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: there's
...and ducks have the ability to navigate, theres no connection to their intelligence. Th...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, besides, but, first, however, look, so, still
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 15.0 22.412803532 67% => OK
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 5.01324503311 239% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1208.0 1373.03311258 88% => OK
No of words: 246.0 270.72406181 91% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.91056910569 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.96035189615 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.57790250666 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 116.0 145.348785872 80% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.471544715447 0.540411800872 87% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 367.2 419.366225166 88% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 32.3783878536 49.2860985944 66% => OK
Chars per sentence: 120.8 110.228320801 110% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.6 21.698381199 113% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.1 7.06452816374 72% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.138797001071 0.272083759551 51% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0584542122263 0.0996497079465 59% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0428764839501 0.0662205650399 65% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0855459463245 0.162205337803 53% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0396853653784 0.0443174109184 90% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.0 13.3589403974 105% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.58 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.49 12.2367328918 94% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.91 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 48.0 63.6247240618 75% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 12.0 10.7273730684 112% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.