Both essay and lecture discuss the possibility of flight for an ancient group of animals which are called Pterosaurs. The author believes that these animals were not able to fly for three main reasons. On the other hand, the lecturer refuses these explanations. He thinks none of these ideas appropriately demonstrates that Pterosaurs couldn't fly.
First of all, the writer of the essay mentions that since these species were from the reptile group, they might be a cold-blooded animal. Moreover, he points out that cold-blooded could not generate enough energy for flying purposes. The professor, however, rebuts this concept. He states that some fossils have revealed that these animals might have feathers that served in warm-blooded animals, so he believes they could fly.
Secondly, the author says because weight is a limitation to fly, these animals could not fly due to their heavy bodies. The lecturer challenges this claim. He mentions that Pterosaurs had developed some suitable anatomical features which supported them to fly. For example, their bones were hallow which helped them to keep their weight low.
Finally, the writer of the article claims that every flying animal needs some strong muscles to help it to take off from the ground. And because these animals lacked strong muscle on their legs, they could not take off. Furthermore, he implies to birds that use their powerful legs to jump and take off. The professor disagrees with this matter. He points out that unlike birds, which just have two legs to jump, Pterosaurs had four legs. This probably helped them to take off more conveniently.
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- TOEFL T P O 47 - Integrated Writing Task 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 336, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: couldn't
...ropriately demonstrates that Pterosaurs couldnt fly. First of all, the writer of the e...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 291, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'hallowed'.
Suggestion: hallowed
...m to fly. For example, their bones were hallow which helped them to keep their weight ...
^^^^^^
Line 4, column 247, Rule ID: TO_NON_BASE[1]
Message: The verb after "to" should be in the base form: 'bird'.
Suggestion: bird
...ot take off. Furthermore, he implies to birds that use their powerful legs to jump an...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, furthermore, however, moreover, second, secondly, so, for example, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 41.0 22.412803532 183% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1356.0 1373.03311258 99% => OK
No of words: 264.0 270.72406181 98% => OK
Chars per words: 5.13636363636 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.03089032464 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.46843014544 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 149.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.564393939394 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 399.6 419.366225166 95% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 11.0 3.25607064018 338% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 32.4876044738 49.2860985944 66% => OK
Chars per sentence: 75.3333333333 110.228320801 68% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.6666666667 21.698381199 68% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.61111111111 7.06452816374 94% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0 0.272083759551 0% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0 0.0996497079465 0% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0662205650399 0% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0 0.162205337803 0% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0443174109184 0% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.1 13.3589403974 76% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 65.73 53.8541721854 122% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 7.6 11.0289183223 69% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.94 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.16 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 64.0 63.6247240618 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.