The reading and lecture are both about large pterosaurs’ capability of powered flight, flying by flapping their wings. The author of the reading doubts about the ability of this reptile. These claims are challenged by the lecturer. She is of the opinion that the arguments stressed by the writer are incorrect.
To begin with, the author argues that since modern reptiles are cold-blooded, ancient reptiles such as pterosaurs were probably cold-blooded as well. The article mentions that cold-blooded animals typically have a slow metabolism and are unable to produce a lot of energy, but powered flight requires a lot of energy. This specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. She notes that pterosaurs have dense coverings which mean they are warm blooded to maintain high temperature in extreme conditions. Additionally, professor says that pterosaurs have high metabolism to generate sufficient energy.
Secondly, the writer suggests that there is a limit to the weight of animals that can be kept airborne by powered flight. In the article, it is stated that pterosaurs would not have been able to flap their wings fast enough to stay aloft because of their weight. The lecturer, however, rebuts this by mentioning that anatomic feature of these reptiles is unusually light for their size. Professor elaborates on this by bringing up the point that their bones are hollow instead of solid, so they could flap their wings rapidly.
Finally, the author posits that all animals with powered flight are able to take off from the ground by providing example of bird. Moreover, it is stated that these methods would not have worked for large pterosaurs because large pterosaurs would have needed powerful muscles in their back legs to launch themselves into the air. In contrast, the lecturer’s position is that there is important difference between bird and pterosaur. Furthermore, the professor notes that birds use only leg to push from the ground, but pterosaurs use all four limbs to take off. That is why smallness of their back leg is not problem to these reptiles.
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, furthermore, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, well, in contrast, such as, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 21.0 10.4613686534 201% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 38.0 22.412803532 170% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 49.0 30.3222958057 162% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1758.0 1373.03311258 128% => OK
No of words: 339.0 270.72406181 125% => OK
Chars per words: 5.18584070796 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.29091512845 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.71200077098 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 180.0 145.348785872 124% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.530973451327 0.540411800872 98% => OK
syllable_count: 538.2 419.366225166 128% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 39.0942593115 49.2860985944 79% => OK
Chars per sentence: 97.6666666667 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.8333333333 21.698381199 87% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.27777777778 7.06452816374 89% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0 0.272083759551 0% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0 0.0996497079465 0% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0662205650399 0% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0 0.162205337803 0% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0443174109184 0% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.4 13.3589403974 93% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.82 12.2367328918 105% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.4 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 83.0 63.6247240618 130% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.