In the reading passage, the author mentions several discoveries of T. rex's leg bone that are assumed to be remains of blood vessels, red blood cells, and collagen matrix. However, the lecturer keeps skeptical about these theories.
First, the author claims that the presence of a soft substance inside the channels of T. rex's bone seems to be the blood vessels of T. rex. The lecturer challenges that the organic substances are more likely to be the traces left by bacteria, which could have colonized in the hollow channels in the bones.
Second, the author suggests that the spheres would probably be the remains of red blood cells as the result of examination showed that they contained iron and dark red centers, essential substances of red blood cells. The lecturer contradicts this point, asserting that T. rex didn't have red blood cells when they were alive. Instead, the origins of these spheres merely belong to some reddish mineral.
Finally, the author states that the fibrous protein could be collagen matrix, a common material associated with bone tissue. The lecturer argues that the fossils are 70-million-year-old and that collagen can't last more than 100,000 years. Consequently, it is implausible to be T. rex's collagen. It is more likely to be the recent material left by human researches handling these bones.
- TPO-29 - Integrated Writing Task Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska's North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold,arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, 88
- TPO-47 - Integrated Writing Task Pterosaurs were an ancient group of winged reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs. Many pterosaurs were very large, some as large as a giraffe and with a wingspan of over 12 meters. Paleontologists have long wondered 90
- In 1912 a bookseller named Wilfrid M. Voynich acquired a beautifully illustrated handwritten book (manuscript) written on vellum (vellum is a material that was used for writing before the introduction of paper). The "Voynich manuscript," as it became kno 80
- TPO-24 - Integrated Writing Task Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues, because in fossils the animals' living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently 68
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Young people today have no influence on the important decisions that determine the future of society as a whole.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 76
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 278, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
...dicts this point, asserting that T. rex didnt have red blood cells when they were ali...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 205, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...e 70-million-year-old and that collagen cant last more than 100,000 years. Consequen...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
consequently, finally, first, however, second, so
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1122.0 1373.03311258 82% => OK
No of words: 219.0 270.72406181 81% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.12328767123 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.84690116678 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.63990133213 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 119.0 145.348785872 82% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.543378995434 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 327.6 419.366225166 78% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 21.2450331126 71% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 50.4709377321 49.2860985944 102% => OK
Chars per sentence: 80.1428571429 110.228320801 73% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.6428571429 21.698381199 72% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.5 7.06452816374 50% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 10.0 4.27373068433 234% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.474207544506 0.272083759551 174% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.149858819937 0.0996497079465 150% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.137761512202 0.0662205650399 208% => The coherence between sentences is low.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.279912137624 0.162205337803 173% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0354605290126 0.0443174109184 80% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.5 13.3589403974 79% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 64.71 53.8541721854 120% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.0 11.0289183223 73% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.12 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.63 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 59.0 63.6247240618 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.0 10.498013245 76% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 20.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.