The reading and lecture are both about pterosaurs could flight or not. The author of reading believes that pterosaurs could not flight because of several reasons. the lecturer casts doubt on the claims made in article. She thinks that pterosaurs used to flight.
Firstly of all, the author points out that pterosaurs is cold-blooded like other ancients reptiles. It is mentioned that flying activities need to big amont of energy that can not supply from cold-blood animal. This point is challenged by lecturer. She says recently studies shows that pterosaurs had head with hair like a feather. Furthermore, she argues that this finding means that they might capable of produce extra energy for external weather condition like warm-blooded animal so they used to generate enough energy for flying.
Secondly, the author contends that pterosaurs were too much heavy to fly. The article notes that they could not use their wings as fast as enough to stay up. The lecturer rebuts this argument. She suggests that they had bones were hallow which is lighter than normal bones. She elaborates on this by mentioning that thanks to this unique feature, they had not too much weigh for flying.
Third, the author states that, large pterosaurs did not have powerful back legs which is required to jump for flying. The lecturer posits that they used to all lims to reach enoug speed and push off theirselves for flying. She puts forth the idea that pterosaurs would have used to four lims as modern fliying animals.
- TPO-47 - Integrated Writing Task Pterosaurs were an ancient group of winged reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs. Many pterosaurs were very large, some as large as a giraffe and with a wingspan of over 12 meters. Paleontologists have long wondered 75
- TPO-44 - Integrated Writing Task In 1957 a European silver coin dating to the eleventh century was discovered at a Native American archaeological site in the state of Maine in the United States. Many people believed the coin had been originally brought to 68
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- TPO-44 - Integrated Writing Task In 1957 a European silver coin dating to the eleventh century was discovered at a Native American archaeological site in the state of Maine in the United States. Many people believed the coin had been originally brought to 68
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 164, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
... not flight because of several reasons. the lecturer casts doubt on the claims made...
^^^
Line 5, column 233, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'hallowed'.
Suggestion: hallowed
.... She suggests that they had bones were hallow which is lighter than normal bones. She...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, firstly, furthermore, second, secondly, so, third
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 34.0 22.412803532 152% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1265.0 1373.03311258 92% => OK
No of words: 252.0 270.72406181 93% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.01984126984 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.98428260373 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.35085139206 2.5805825403 91% => OK
Unique words: 150.0 145.348785872 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.595238095238 0.540411800872 110% => OK
syllable_count: 360.9 419.366225166 86% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 3.25607064018 276% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 38.1345278525 49.2860985944 77% => OK
Chars per sentence: 74.4117647059 110.228320801 68% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.8235294118 21.698381199 68% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.58823529412 7.06452816374 51% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.327781847649 0.272083759551 120% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.09941756977 0.0996497079465 100% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0648564253596 0.0662205650399 98% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.185257223675 0.162205337803 114% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0391801609554 0.0443174109184 88% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 9.6 13.3589403974 72% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 74.19 53.8541721854 138% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 6.4 11.0289183223 58% => Flesch kincaid grade is low.
coleman_liau_index: 11.24 12.2367328918 92% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.71 8.42419426049 92% => OK
difficult_words: 54.0 63.6247240618 85% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 4.5 10.7273730684 42% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.