The author of the reading passage and the lecturer both discuss how humpback manages to migrate long distance. The author states that humpback may be navigating by the stars and the author also presents some hypotheses why humpback are able to navigate by the starts. However, the lecturer casts doubt on these hypotheses and refutes each of the author's theories by providing several counter-arguments.
First, the author indicates that humpback whales are intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Their well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex system of sensory stimuli such as night sky for orientation. Nonetheless, the lecturer actually thinks that there is no direct connection between intelligence and the ability to use stars to navigate. Take the ducks as an example. The ducks' cognitive ability is just average but they can still use stars to navigate. It seems that ducks are born with the ability to use stars to navigate. Thus, humpback whales' intelligence has little relation to their ability to navigate by stars.
In the second place, the author claims that humpback whales may rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain their direction. Nevertheless, the lecturer asserts that animals which are able to migrate straight direction need to use their external force like the Earth's magnetic field. Hence, the humpback whales might use their bio-magnetite, which is sensitive to the Earth's magnetic field, to migrate instead of using night stars to migrate.
Finally, the author reveals that humpback whales may use spy-hopping, a rare action that they will move their head above the water as if they are looking upward, like looking at stars. By contrast, the lecturer declares that the animals' spy-hopping is not used to look at stars. Sharks, for example, sometimes do spy-hopping too. But they use spy-hopping to hunt instead of looking at stars. Besides, humpback may use spy-hopping in the morning when there is not stars in the sky. Therefore, it is pure speculation that the function of spy-hopping is to look at stars.
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, besides, but, finally, first, hence, however, if, look, may, nevertheless, nonetheless, second, so, still, therefore, thus, well, for example, such as, in the second place
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 5.04856512141 158% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 52.0 30.3222958057 171% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 5.01324503311 199% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1798.0 1373.03311258 131% => OK
No of words: 351.0 270.72406181 130% => OK
Chars per words: 5.12250712251 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.32839392791 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.7384890443 2.5805825403 106% => OK
Unique words: 163.0 145.348785872 112% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.464387464387 0.540411800872 86% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 558.0 419.366225166 133% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 43.0353201587 49.2860985944 87% => OK
Chars per sentence: 94.6315789474 110.228320801 86% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.4736842105 21.698381199 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.84210526316 7.06452816374 139% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 10.0 4.27373068433 234% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.489366500376 0.272083759551 180% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.15796270715 0.0996497079465 159% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0834960745067 0.0662205650399 126% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.276483153575 0.162205337803 170% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0799979763924 0.0443174109184 181% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.9 13.3589403974 89% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.42 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.45 8.42419426049 88% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 12.0 10.7273730684 112% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.