The following appeared as part of a letter to the editor of a scientific journal.
"A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an individual's levels of stimulation. The study showed that in stimulating situations (such as an encounter with an unfamiliar monkey), firstborn infant monkeys produce up to twice as much of the hormone cortisol, which primes the body for increased activity levels, as do their younger siblings. Firstborn humans also produce relatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations (such as the return of a parent after an absence). The study also found that during pregnancy, first-time mother monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those who had had several offspring."
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
The argument is about the levels of stimulation produced by a human or a monkey. These stimulation depends on the birth order of the offspring. The argument just gives a clue that it might be an effect of birth order but there might be some other reasons as well for an increased level of cortisol.
The argument takes only an example of encounter with an unfamiliar monkey to higher the level of cortisol there might be some other factors which may be resulting in such increase of the hormone. It even states that the first-time mother monkey also experiences such condition. The reason might be fear of losing someone or even it scares the infant on seeing new or unfamiliar faces. As the infants be it of monkey or human have very short memory then tend to forget faces very soon until and unless it is a face they see all the time. Even when they meet their parents after a long time they don't remember their face and get scared these situations according to the argument suggests an increase in level of hormone.
The fact that the fear of losing one's child is more during the pregnancy of the first-time mothers, the tension they go through and experience itself is something they never had before and may seem scary might also be the reason for such increase of hormone.
Argument does not explain the logical reason behind the relatively higher levels of hormone in first born in stimulating situation than his younger siblings. One of the reasons could be that the first born is usually to experience things alone or with the monkeys much elder to them whereas if we look at the situation of younger sibling he /she already have someone with experience with same condition and same family. Younger siblings are not brought up alone they tend to build a different mind-set.
The argument overall fails to explain the stimulating situations that tend to increase the level of cortisol in monkeys. However there is no doubt that argument holds true for the one such scenario that it gives as a stimulating situation. It also very well explains the situation comparing to that of humans. As the history suggests that humans are evolved for monkeys it is quite evident that they are going to show same symptoms and reactions. Thus the argument not completely but has somewhat explained about the relative increase of the cortisol.
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| 2020-01-23 | lanhhoang | 29 | view |
| 2019-09-24 | jms96ZZ | 80 | view |
| 2019-05-31 | Haley.J | 29 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 82, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this stimulation' or 'These stimulations'?
Suggestion: This stimulation; These stimulations
...lation produced by a human or a monkey. These stimulation depends on the birth order of the offsp...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 594, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...et their parents after a long time they dont remember their face and get scared thes...
^^^^
Line 2, column 719, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ggests an increase in level of hormone. The fact that the fear of losing ones ch...
^^^
Line 4, column 355, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[3]
Message: The pronoun 'she' must be used with a third-person verb: 'has'.
Suggestion: has
...tion of younger sibling he /she already have someone with experience with same condi...
^^^^
Line 4, column 504, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...hey tend to build a different mind-set. The argument overall fails to explain th...
^^^
Line 5, column 122, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...rease the level of cortisol in monkeys. However there is no doubt that argument holds t...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 448, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...ng to show same symptoms and reactions. Thus the argument not completely but has som...
^^^^
Discourse Markers used:
['also', 'but', 'first', 'however', 'if', 'look', 'may', 'so', 'then', 'thus', 'well', 'whereas', 'no doubt']
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.223529411765 0.25644967241 87% => OK
Verbs: 0.169411764706 0.15541462614 109% => OK
Adjectives: 0.0823529411765 0.0836205057962 98% => OK
Adverbs: 0.0705882352941 0.0520304965353 136% => OK
Pronouns: 0.0517647058824 0.0272364105082 190% => Less pronouns wanted. Try not to use 'you, I, they, he...' as the subject of a sentence
Prepositions: 0.138823529412 0.125424944231 111% => OK
Participles: 0.0329411764706 0.0416121511921 79% => OK
Conjunctions: 2.44661440361 2.79052419416 88% => OK
Infinitives: 0.0235294117647 0.026700313972 88% => OK
Particles: 0.00235294117647 0.001811407834 130% => OK
Determiners: 0.124705882353 0.113004496875 110% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.0188235294118 0.0255425247493 74% => OK
WH_determiners: 0.00705882352941 0.0127820249294 55% => OK
Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 2342.0 2731.13054187 86% => OK
No of words: 407.0 446.07635468 91% => OK
Chars per words: 5.7542997543 6.12365571057 94% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.49157444576 4.57801047555 98% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.31941031941 0.378187486979 84% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.248157248157 0.287650121315 86% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.167076167076 0.208842608468 80% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.0933660933661 0.135150697306 69% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.44661440361 2.79052419416 88% => OK
Unique words: 194.0 207.018472906 94% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.476658476658 0.469332199767 102% => OK
Word variations: 51.6749757809 52.1807786196 99% => OK
How many sentences: 17.0 20.039408867 85% => OK
Sentence length: 23.9411764706 23.2022227129 103% => OK
Sentence length SD: 58.6241916597 57.7814097925 101% => OK
Chars per sentence: 137.764705882 141.986410481 97% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.9411764706 23.2022227129 103% => OK
Discourse Markers: 0.764705882353 0.724660767414 106% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.14285714286 97% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 3.58251231527 195% => Correct essay format wanted or double check grammar & spelling issues after essay writing.
Readability: 48.7569012863 51.9672348444 94% => OK
Elegance: 1.35483870968 1.8405768891 74% => OK
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.480815654672 0.441005458295 109% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.159459226588 0.135418324435 118% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.0859663106582 0.0829849096947 104% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.598285509985 0.58762219726 102% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.144564034286 0.147661913831 98% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.229819781812 0.193483328276 119% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0998451917655 0.0970749176394 103% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.426977151434 0.42659136922 100% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.0552636426771 0.0774707102158 71% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.354790680304 0.312017818177 114% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0473921978873 0.0698173142475 68% => The ideas may be duplicated in paragraphs.
Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 8.33743842365 60% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 6.87684729064 131% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.82512315271 62% => OK
Positive topic words: 3.0 6.46551724138 46% => OK
Negative topic words: 8.0 5.36822660099 149% => OK
Neutral topic words: 2.0 2.82389162562 71% => OK
Total topic words: 13.0 14.657635468 89% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
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Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6 -- The score is based on the average performance of 20,000 argument essays. This e-grader is not smart enough to check on arguments.
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Note: This is not the final score. The e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.