What is land law?
Most transactions relating to land are based on contract. A simple example would be a
contract to clean the windows of a house. There is no need for a special body of law to
deal with disputes regarding window cleaning: the law of contract provides the answers.
What is special about land law is that it allows somebody to be affected by an obligation
when contract cannot apply. Take this example. I agree that Malcolm can possess my
house for a year at a rent of £1,000 a month (a lease or tenancy). A week later, I sell and
transfer the house to Nicola. As between Malcolm and Nicola, there is no contract.
However, because a lease is an interest in land it will bind Nicola, who will have to allow
Malcolm to possess it for the full year. Land law is concerned with those rights and
interests relating to land which can affect purchasers: these are what we call interests in
land, or proprietary interests. The many controversial policy issues concerning the
extent and effect of interests in land will form the basis of much of this book.
The way in which the law draws lines as to what is an interest in land is illustrated by
the following example, taken from the law relating to covenants (promises in formal
witnessed documents called deeds). Alan has both an expensive house and a smaller
adjoining one. He is selling the smaller one and is concerned about how its use and
appearance might affect his retained house. Accordingly, Alan requires the purchaser,
Brian, to promise (i) not to use his house for any purpose other than a family home and
(ii) to paint it every five years. Nine years later, Brian sells his house to Caroline.
When we consider possible issues as between Alan and Brian, these can be dealt with
under normal contract principles: there is little or no need for any special land law.
However, it is the effect of these arrangements on Caroline which is more interesting.
Contract will not suffice: the burden of contracts affects nobody save the parties. This is
What issues arise in land law?
unaffected by the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999, as that relates only to the
benefit of contracts. For Caroline to be bound by the burden of the covenant, Alan will
need to be able to assert an interest in land.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-05-16 | nguyenluong | 61 | view |
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 14, column 55, Rule ID: TO_NON_BASE[1]
Message: The verb after "to" should be in the base form: 'covenant'.
Suggestion: covenant
...example, taken from the law relating to covenants promises in formal witnessed documents...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 23, column 67, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'nobody' must be used with a third-person verb: 'saves'.
Suggestion: saves
... the burden of contracts affects nobody save the parties. This is What issues arise...
^^^^
Line 25, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Unaffected
...his is What issues arise in land law? unaffected by the Contracts Rights of Third Partie...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
accordingly, however, regarding, so, third, as to
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 21.0 13.1623246493 160% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 14.0 7.85571142285 178% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 10.4138276553 115% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 7.30460921844 123% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 24.0651302605 108% => OK
Preposition: 56.0 41.998997996 133% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 8.3376753507 24% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1894.0 1615.20841683 117% => OK
No of words: 402.0 315.596192385 127% => OK
Chars per words: 4.71144278607 5.12529762239 92% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.47771567384 4.20363070211 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.53620110239 2.80592935109 90% => OK
Unique words: 200.0 176.041082164 114% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.497512437811 0.561755894193 89% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 582.3 506.74238477 115% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.60771543086 87% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 5.43587174349 110% => OK
Article: 5.0 2.52805611222 198% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.10420841683 238% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 0.809619238477 124% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.76152304609 42% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 22.0 16.0721442886 137% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 20.2975951904 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 48.1090574108 49.4020404114 97% => OK
Chars per sentence: 86.0909090909 106.682146367 81% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.2727272727 20.7667163134 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 2.22727272727 7.06120827912 32% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 27.0 4.38176352705 616% => Less paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 3.0 5.01903807615 60% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 14.0 8.67935871743 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 3.9879759519 50% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 3.4128256513 176% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.346676447209 0.244688304435 142% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.107489959853 0.084324248473 127% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.162307043871 0.0667982634062 243% => The coherence between sentences is low.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.109913839354 0.151304729494 73% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.157641501497 0.056905535591 277% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 9.9 13.0946893788 76% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 70.13 50.2224549098 140% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.44779559118 42% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 7.9 11.3001002004 70% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.04 12.4159519038 81% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.71 8.58950901804 90% => OK
difficult_words: 81.0 78.4519038076 103% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 9.78957915832 66% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.1190380762 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 10.7795591182 93% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Maximum five paragraphs wanted.
Rates: 61.797752809 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 5.5 Out of 9
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.