Salvage logging may appear to be an effective way of helping forests recover after a destructive fire or storm, but it can actually result in serious longer-term environmental damage. Its economic benefits are also questionable.
First, cleaning up a forest after a fire or storm does not necessarily create the right conditions for tree growth. In fact, the natural process of wood decomposition enriches the soil and makes it more suitable for future generations of tree. The rapid removal of dead trees can result in soil that lacks the nutrients necessary for growth.
Second, it’s true that rotting wood can increase insect populations, but is this really bad for the forest? In fact, spruce bark beetles have lived in Alaskan forest for nearly a hundred years without causing major damage. And of course dead trees do not provide habitats only for harmful insects. They are also used by birds and other insects that are important contributors to the long-term health of forests. In the long run, therefore, salvage logging may end updoing more harm to forests than harmful insects do.
And third, the economic benefits of salvage logging are small and don’t last very long, in severely damaged forests, much of the lumber can be recovered only by using helicopters and other vehicles that are expensive to use and maintain. Furthermore, jobs created by salvage logging are only temporary and are often fitted by outsiders with more experience or training than local residents have.
the article states that salvage logging, process of removing fired and dead trees from the suitable areas in the forest, has geat advantages for both forest and economic system, and provides three reasons for support. However, the professor explains that salvage logging in long term has the damages that forest force to confront with and refutes each of the author's reasons.
first, the reading claims that dead and fired trees take long time to decompose. also, they occupy suitable areas in the forest and become obstacle for other trees which can germinate and growth. the professor opposes this point by saying that dead trees are a good source of furtilities for trees because of not only these fertiliies are nature , but also could enrich the soil for future generation.
second, the article posits that dead trees are suitable habitat for insects and salvage logging can help decrease this species which ensure the heath of the forest. In contrast, the professor says that the insects in forest are pery for birds and other species contributing life in the forests.
third, the reading posits that based on the economic ground salvage logging has a great advantages for wood industries. the professor casts doubt on this point by saying that the benefits mentioned in the reading neither have large advantage for last long time nor have permanent job for labers. in addition, according to the professor,this process is expensive because needs many equipments like helicopter, and advanced technology fot processing these decaying woods.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-08-07 | farshad_hom | 76 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
the article states that salvage logging, pr...
^^^
Line 1, column 319, Rule ID: ALLOW_TO[1]
Message: Did you mean 'confronting'? Or maybe you should add a pronoun? In active voice, 'force' + 'to' takes an object, usually a pronoun.
Suggestion: confronting
... term has the damages that forest force to confront with and refutes each of the authors re...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: First
...futes each of the authors reasons. first, the reading claims that dead and fired...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 82, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Also
...ired trees take long time to decompose. also, they occupy suitable areas in the fore...
^^^^
Line 4, column 197, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...r trees which can germinate and growth. the professor opposes this point by saying ...
^^^
Line 4, column 346, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
... of not only these fertiliies are nature , but also could enrich the soil for futu...
^^
Line 7, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Second
...ch the soil for future generation. second, the article posits that dead trees are...
^^^^^^
Line 10, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Third
... contributing life in the forests. third, the reading posits that based on the e...
^^^^^
Line 10, column 121, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...a great advantages for wood industries. the professor casts doubt on this point by ...
^^^
Line 10, column 297, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: In
...time nor have permanent job for labers. in addition, according to the professor,th...
^^
Line 10, column 336, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , this
... in addition, according to the professor,this process is expensive because needs many...
^^^^^
Line 10, column 454, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...advanced technology fot processing these decaying woods.
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, second, so, third, in addition, in contrast
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 5.0 10.4613686534 48% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 16.0 22.412803532 71% => OK
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1314.0 1373.03311258 96% => OK
No of words: 250.0 270.72406181 92% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.256 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.97635364384 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.41471733907 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 138.0 145.348785872 95% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.552 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 390.6 419.366225166 93% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 25.0 21.2450331126 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 40.5492293392 49.2860985944 82% => OK
Chars per sentence: 131.4 110.228320801 119% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.0 21.698381199 115% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.4 7.06452816374 105% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 12.0 4.19205298013 286% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.148554607789 0.272083759551 55% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0701786385923 0.0996497079465 70% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0467092117207 0.0662205650399 71% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.103646059135 0.162205337803 64% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0478440018146 0.0443174109184 108% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.8 13.3589403974 118% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 46.1 53.8541721854 86% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.0 11.0289183223 118% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.52 12.2367328918 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.05 8.42419426049 107% => OK
difficult_words: 66.0 63.6247240618 104% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 10.498013245 114% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.