The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigating the cause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possible explanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two.
The first reason why pollution seemed the more likely cause was that there were known sources of it along the Alaskan coast, such as oil rigs and other sources of industrial chemical pollution. Water samples from the area revealed increased levels of chemicals that could decrease the otters' resistance to life-threatening infections and thus could indirectly cause their deaths.
Second, other sea mammals such as seals and sea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining, indicating that whatever had endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This fact again pointed to environmental pollution, since it usually affects the entire ecosystem rather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca (a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to hunt muchlarger prey, such as other whales.
Third, scientists believed that the pollution hypothesis could also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: at some Alaskan locations the otter populations declined greatly, while at others they remained stable. Some experts explained these observations by suggesting that ocean currents or other environmental factors may have created uneven concentrations of pollutants along the coast.
The passage and the lecture are both about the reasons of the reducing the number of the sea otter which is a small mammal lives in the North America from Callifornia to Alaska. The author of the passage states the fact that environmental pollution is the main cause of this phenamenon, while the professor believes the existence of other animals who hunt this mammals is the major reason for this decline.
First of all, the passage claims there are many sources of pollution in that area for instance oil rigs and other sources of industrial chemical wastes which have great effects on these mammals. This cliams is challenged by the lecturer. She believes that if the pollution was the reason, there would be significant evidence of dead bodies on near costal area but there are not. On the other hand, the aforementioned lake of dead body on shore can indicat the fact that these animals are eaten by predators.
Secondly, The author of the reading passage asserts that orcas, large predaroty whale, use huge animals as a prey not a small creature like otter, So it is not reasonable to count orcas as a cause of otters’ death. Nevertheless, the professor agrees that these huge whale used to eat big animals in the past, but because of mankind’s hunting in that area there is no big animal left in the place so ocras were forced to change their eating habits. Therefore, they have tended to use little animals as their food supplies. In her opinion, this is why they attack otters.
Finally, the writer mentions the fact that the otters’ decline was unequal in different zones and it is because there are different pollution ratio in those areas and it depends on waters current and other enviromental factors. The lecturer rebuts these hypothesis again. She believe this dispersion is only because there is various number of orcas in different places. She mentions in most of shallow waters there are few evidence of sea otter’s corpses. Having bulky body, the orcas can not move those area and it is the reason why there is no dead body in the shallow waters. So we can understand that orca is the exact reason why these sea creature, sea otter, were killed.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
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| 2023-04-24 | sonyeoso | 70 | view |
| 2022-10-29 | Sumilak | 70 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 116, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...number of the sea otter which is a small mammal lives in the North America from C...
^^
Line 1, column 358, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...the existence of other animals who hunt this mammals is the major reason for this de...
^^^^
Line 4, column 143, Rule ID: THERE_RE_MANY[3]
Message: Possible agreement error. Did you mean 'ratios'?
Suggestion: ratios
...s because there are different pollution ratio in those areas and it depends on waters...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 248, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this hypothesis' or 'these hypotheses', 'these hypothesises'?
Suggestion: this hypothesis; these hypotheses; these hypothesises
...viromental factors. The lecturer rebuts these hypothesis again. She believe this dispersion is o...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 276, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'She' must be used with a third-person verb: 'believes'.
Suggestion: believes
...urer rebuts these hypothesis again. She believe this dispersion is only because there i...
^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 419, Rule ID: MANY_NN_U[6]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun evidence seems to be uncountable; consider using: 'little evidence'.
Suggestion: little evidence
...ons in most of shallow waters there are few evidence of sea otter’s corpses. Having bulky bo...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 498, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this area' or 'those areas'?
Suggestion: this area; those areas
...ving bulky body, the orcas can not move those area and it is the reason why there is no de...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, if, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, therefore, while, for instance, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 24.0 10.4613686534 229% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 35.0 22.412803532 156% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 44.0 30.3222958057 145% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1801.0 1373.03311258 131% => OK
No of words: 378.0 270.72406181 140% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.76455026455 5.08290768461 94% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.40933352052 4.04702891845 109% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.43003062755 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 189.0 145.348785872 130% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.5 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 580.5 419.366225166 138% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 67.6558386246 49.2860985944 137% => OK
Chars per sentence: 112.5625 110.228320801 102% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.625 21.698381199 109% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.75 7.06452816374 110% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 4.45695364238 202% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.161649973986 0.272083759551 59% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0569472384997 0.0996497079465 57% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.086295566374 0.0662205650399 130% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.100214716189 0.162205337803 62% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0749909061778 0.0443174109184 169% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.8 13.3589403974 96% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 53.8541721854 105% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.62 12.2367328918 87% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.45 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 88.0 63.6247240618 138% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 18.0 10.7273730684 168% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 63.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 19.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.