Because of climate change, more and more land that was once used to grow crops or provide food for animals is turning to dry, unusable desert land. There are many proposals about how to stop this process, known as desertification. A number of proposals involve growing trees, because trees can help protect soil and provide many other benefits to fight against desertification. Some scientists have proposed that the best way to grow trees in dry areas in danger of desertification is by using a box-shaped device surrounding the young tree. The device collects water that condenses from vapor in the atmosphere and helps the tree to grow. However, other scientists believe that this device will not be successful in fighting against desertification for the following reasons.
First, at a cost of 25 U S. dollars each, the device would make growing trees a prohibitively expensive process. Meaningful efforts to fight desertification involve growing millions of trees. Some countries most affected by desertification cannot afford to buy devices for millions of trees
Second, plans for fighting desertification involve asking local people to install and maintain the devices. People living in some of the areas most affected by desertification work long days in harsh conditions: sometimes barely managing to provide food for their families. It would be difficult to motivate these people to look after trees that cannot serve as a source of food for them.
Third, the device's ability to collect and conserve water is limited. Each one provides only enough water to keep a small tree alive. Trees that have outgrown the device have to deal with unforgiving environmental conditions on their own. In some places where the devices are being tried, six months can pass without a drop of rain. Once the trees become too big for the device, they may not be able to survive in such a harsh environment.
The reading states that the approach of using some devices which collect water for growth of trees in desert land, cannot be the best course of action and provides some reasons for this theory. The lecturer, however, finds the idea dubious and casts doubt on the reasons proposed by the reading passage.
The author argues that for desertification approach they need to plant millions of trees and providing these device for all the trees cost expensive. Conversely, the lecturer brings up the idea that this devices can be reused for twenty times which results in a decrease in the expense.
Furthermore, the reading passage holds the view that installing and keeping these devices need the help of local people, but they may not be incentive to cooperate due to the fact that these trees do not provide any source of food for them. On the contrary, the professor underlines the fact that the project have two advantages for local people. First, they can be alloweded to use these devices for other plants and produce vegetables for themselves. Second, the branches of trees can be used as firewood which give them the chance to cook their foods.These two benefits can stimulate them to take part in this project.
Finally, the reading states that these devices are useless for bigger trees and they will not be able to help the growth of trees when they become bigger. In contrast, the speaker dismisses this issue due to the fact that these devices help trees to grow long roots by which they have the access to the source of water underground. As a result, trees can be survived independently. For example, 90 percent of trees in Sahara have survived without the help of these kind of devices.
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- Because of climate change more and more land that was once used to grow crops or provide food for animals is turning to dry unusable desert land There are many proposals about how to stop this process known as desertification A number of proposals involve 83
- The golden frog is a small bright yellow amphibian that lives in and around mountain streams in Panama The species is severely endangered because of a fungus that infects the frog through its skin and inhibits the frog s critical life functions such as br 85
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...asons proposed by the reading passage. The author argues that for desertification ...
^^^
Line 2, column 104, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this device' or 'these devices'?
Suggestion: this device; these devices
...o plant millions of trees and providing these device for all the trees cost expensive. Conve...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 199, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...y, the lecturer brings up the idea that this devices can be reused for twenty times ...
^^^^
Line 3, column 554, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: These
...ive them the chance to cook their foods.These two benefits can stimulate them to take...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 424, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...r example, 90 percent of trees in Sahara have survived without the help of these ...
^^
Line 4, column 460, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'this kind' or 'these kinds'?
Suggestion: this kind; these kinds
...hara have survived without the help of these kind of devices.
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, may, second, so, for example, in contrast, kind of, as a result, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 5.04856512141 198% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 31.0 22.412803532 138% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1408.0 1373.03311258 103% => OK
No of words: 293.0 270.72406181 108% => OK
Chars per words: 4.80546075085 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.13729897018 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.41401901367 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 147.0 145.348785872 101% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.501706484642 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 425.7 419.366225166 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 48.7105966112 49.2860985944 99% => OK
Chars per sentence: 117.333333333 110.228320801 106% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.4166666667 21.698381199 113% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.5833333333 7.06452816374 164% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.107424309065 0.272083759551 39% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0464774511433 0.0996497079465 47% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.03490688648 0.0662205650399 53% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0816959484439 0.162205337803 50% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0402610923602 0.0443174109184 91% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.4 13.3589403974 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.58 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.91 12.2367328918 89% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.44 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 67.0 63.6247240618 105% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 83 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.