Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems.
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
The reading and lecture are both about the obstacles that might face the astronauts on the Mars trip. The author of the reading feels that there are three complications of the Mars trip. The lecturer challenges the claims made by the author. She is of the opinion that the scientists proposed solutions for each problem mentioned in the article.
To begin with, the author argues that there is not enough space in the space vehicle to carry the supplies for two years' trip. This specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. She claims that astronauts can use hydroponic. Additionally, she says that hydroponic should allow the astronauts to cultivate crops and to generate water and fresh air in the space vehicle.
Secondly, the writer suggests that the no-gravity is a huge problem that would face the astronauts on the trip. In the article, it is said that the lack of gravity would affect negatively the astronauts' health. The lecturer, however, rebuts this by mentioning that nowadays the astronauts are being sent to the space stations for months. She elaborates on this by bringing up the point that regular exercise and taking minerals and vitamins would help to overcome the health effects that might result from zero-gravity.
Finally, the author posits that space radiation is the third obstacle that might be dangerous to the astronauts' health. In contrast, the lecturer's position is that the radiation is not at a dangerous level. She notes that the sun occasionally radiates and during its radiation, the astronauts can protect themselves using shields.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 188, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...e three complications of the Mars trip. The lecturer challenges the claims made by ...
^^^
Line 5, column 193, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'astronauts'' or 'astronaut's'?
Suggestion: astronauts'; astronaut's
... of gravity would affect negatively the astronauts health. The lecturer, however, rebuts t...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 102, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'astronauts'' or 'astronaut's'?
Suggestion: astronauts'; astronaut's
...obstacle that might be dangerous to the astronauts health. In contrast, the lecturers posi...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 8, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... can protect themselves using shields.
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, if, second, secondly, so, third, in contrast, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1327.0 1373.03311258 97% => OK
No of words: 258.0 270.72406181 95% => OK
Chars per words: 5.14341085271 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.00778971557 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.68016739735 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 134.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.519379844961 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 394.2 419.366225166 94% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 34.9147533286 49.2860985944 71% => OK
Chars per sentence: 88.4666666667 110.228320801 80% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.2 21.698381199 79% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.46666666667 7.06452816374 77% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.030128291776 0.272083759551 11% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0121026426359 0.0996497079465 12% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0229412676138 0.0662205650399 35% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0211871977854 0.162205337803 13% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0308483043505 0.0443174109184 70% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.4 13.3589403974 85% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 62.68 53.8541721854 116% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.24 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.46 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.