Olive trees, which are a critical component of Mediterranean agriculture, are threatened by a bacterium which causes a disease called quick decline syndrome (QDS). This bacteria can quickly destroy the trees and has already devastated entire olive groves in Italy and Spain. There are several methods to protect olive trees from QDS, but the following three are widely considered to be the most effective.
Early detection of the bacteria is critical to preventing the spread of the disease. Farmers should regularly inspect their trees and look for signs of disease, such as yellowing and withering leaves, dying branches, and slow growth. If a tree shows signs of infection, it should be immediately removed and burned to prevent the spread of the bacterium to other trees. The government and agricultural organizations can also play a significant role in early detection by encouraging farmers to take part in this strategy.
Promoting the overall health of olive trees is another effective strategy to prevent the spread of the bacteria. Trees that are in good health are better equipped to resist infections and recover from diseases. Proper irrigation, fertilization and trimming are all essential for promoting tree health. Farmers can also plant saplings that have shown some genetic ability to resist Xylella this disease.
Since the bacteria is transmitted to olive trees by sap-sucking insects, mainly the spittlebug, reducing the populations of such insects is crucial in controlling the spread of the disease. The most effective method farmers can use to control insect populations is spraying chemical insecticides. An additional strategy is to introduce natural predators of the insects, such as ladybugs, lacewings, and wasps, which can help reduce their populations over time.
The reading and the lecture are about quick decline syndrome, a disease that affects olive trees. The professor suggests three solutions to this problem. Meanwhile, the lecturer challenges each of the solutions. He believes that they won’t save olive trees.
First, the author argues that early detection of the virus is key to stopping it. According to the article, farmers can watch for diseased trees and immediately destroy them before the virus spreads to other trees. The government can encourage them to do this. The lecturer challenges this suggestion. He says that constantly inspecting trees is expensive and time-consuming. Moreover, by the time we spot a diseased tree the virus has already spread to other trees.
Next, the author says that promoting the overall health of olives trees is an effective solution, as they are more able to resist diseases. This can be done through proper trimming and irrigation, and also through planting saplings that are designed to resist the virus. The lecturer calls this into question as well. He notes that this won’t guarantee protection, as even healthy trees can become infected. He also notes that genetically resistant saplings can be very expensive for farmers to purchase.
Finally, the article suggests spraying insecticides to stop the virus, as it is often spread by insects like spittlebugs Natural predators like wasps and ladybugs can also be used to control their populations. The lecturer, however, says that insects gradually adapt to insecticides so they won’t help in the long run. Not only that, but natural predators might just fly away to a place where they aren’t needed. It is hard to tell when this has happened, since olive groves are in rural areas.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-04-16 | degew59415@eryod.com | 75 | view |
| 2024-04-16 | degew59415@eryod.com | 80 | view |
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 121, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...often spread by insects like spittlebugs Natural predators like wasps and ladybug...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, moreover, so, well, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 22.412803532 143% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1463.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 282.0 270.72406181 104% => OK
Chars per words: 5.18794326241 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.09790868904 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.64242461133 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 163.0 145.348785872 112% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.578014184397 0.540411800872 107% => OK
syllable_count: 441.9 419.366225166 105% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 40.8783073412 49.2860985944 83% => OK
Chars per sentence: 77.0 110.228320801 70% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.8421052632 21.698381199 68% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.21052631579 7.06452816374 45% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 10.0 4.33554083885 231% => Less positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.207126637944 0.272083759551 76% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0629552123843 0.0996497079465 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0513307869095 0.0662205650399 78% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.121197881958 0.162205337803 75% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0401088389524 0.0443174109184 91% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.4 13.3589403974 78% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 57.27 53.8541721854 106% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.8 11.0289183223 80% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.23 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.36 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 63.6247240618 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 4.5 10.7273730684 42% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 121, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...often spread by insects like spittlebugs Natural predators like wasps and ladybug...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, moreover, so, well, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 22.412803532 143% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1463.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 282.0 270.72406181 104% => OK
Chars per words: 5.18794326241 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.09790868904 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.64242461133 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 163.0 145.348785872 112% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.578014184397 0.540411800872 107% => OK
syllable_count: 441.9 419.366225166 105% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 40.8783073412 49.2860985944 83% => OK
Chars per sentence: 77.0 110.228320801 70% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.8421052632 21.698381199 68% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.21052631579 7.06452816374 45% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 10.0 4.33554083885 231% => Less positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.207126637944 0.272083759551 76% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0629552123843 0.0996497079465 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0513307869095 0.0662205650399 78% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.121197881958 0.162205337803 75% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0401088389524 0.0443174109184 91% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.4 13.3589403974 78% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 57.27 53.8541721854 106% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.8 11.0289183223 80% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.23 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.36 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 63.6247240618 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 4.5 10.7273730684 42% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.