Determination of number of Mode shapes required for damage detection in single-span beams using wavelet transform
In most damage detection methods, by comparing structural characteristics in damaged and undamaged states, the damage is identified. Wavelet transform-based method, due to the lack of requirement of undamaged structural characteristic, has a significant advantage over other damage detection methods. In this study, a 1-D continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is used for damage detection in single-span beams. For this purpose, different damage scenarios are considered in four beams with different boundary conditions. Damage is introduced by stiffness reduction in a damaged element. The CWT is applied to the mode shapes of damaged structures to show the effectiveness of this method. The most appropriate wavelet basis functions for damage localization are selected among 47 different wavelet functions. It is observed that the accuracy of locating damage by this method depends on the analyzed mode shapes. Analyzing a particular mode is not sufficient to identify damage and to ensure that the exact location of the damage is determined, CWT must be performed on several modes, simultaneously. Results indicate that for damage detection of simply-supported beam, clamped-simple beam and clamped-clamped beam, minimum first four modes are required to be analyzed by CWT and for a cantilever beam, wavelet transform should be applied to minimum first three modes.
- TPO 10: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made reading passage. 73
- TPO 45 3
- Which way do you think is the best for a student to make new friends. a. joining a sports team, b. participating in community activities, c. traveling. 70
- Determination of number of Mode shapes required for damage detection in single-span beams using wavelet transform 56
- TPO34 63
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 1365, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e applied to minimum first three modes.
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, if
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 13.1623246493 99% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 7.85571142285 25% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 10.4138276553 38% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 3.0 7.30460921844 41% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 8.0 24.0651302605 33% => OK
Preposition: 29.0 41.998997996 69% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 8.3376753507 108% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1160.0 1615.20841683 72% => OK
No of words: 204.0 315.596192385 65% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.6862745098 5.12529762239 111% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.77926670891 4.20363070211 90% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.37081008521 2.80592935109 120% => OK
Unique words: 111.0 176.041082164 63% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.544117647059 0.561755894193 97% => OK
syllable_count: 374.4 506.74238477 74% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.8 1.60771543086 112% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 5.43587174349 18% => OK
Article: 4.0 2.52805611222 158% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 2.10420841683 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 0.809619238477 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 4.76152304609 63% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 16.0721442886 62% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 20.0 20.2975951904 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 54.8929868016 49.4020404114 111% => OK
Chars per sentence: 116.0 106.682146367 109% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.4 20.7667163134 98% => OK
Discourse Markers: 0.9 7.06120827912 13% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 1.0 4.38176352705 23% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 1.0 5.01903807615 20% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 8.67935871743 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 3.9879759519 251% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 3.4128256513 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.443784791205 0.244688304435 181% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.178316470278 0.084324248473 211% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0971726648062 0.0667982634062 145% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.443784791205 0.151304729494 293% => Maybe some contents are duplicated.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.056905535591 0% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.6 13.0946893788 119% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 34.26 50.2224549098 68% => OK
smog_index: 11.2 7.44779559118 150% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.5 11.3001002004 119% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 15.72 12.4159519038 127% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 10.05 8.58950901804 117% => OK
difficult_words: 70.0 78.4519038076 89% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 9.78957915832 92% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.1190380762 99% => OK
text_standard: 16.0 10.7795591182 148% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Minimum 250 words wanted.
Minimum four paragraphs wanted.
Rates: 56.1797752809 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.33 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.