The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine.
"In 1975 a wildlife census found that there were seven species of amphibians in Xanadu National Park, with abundant numbers of each species. However, in 2002 only four species of amphibians were observed in the park, and the numbers of each species were drastically reduced. There has been a substantial decline in the numbers of amphibians worldwide, and global pollution of water and air is clearly implicated. The decline of amphibians in Xanadu National Park, however, almost certainly has a different cause: in 1975, trout—which are known to eat amphibian eggs—were introduced into the park."
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
The editor asserts that the dramatic decline of amphibians in Xanadu national park due to the intruduction of trout. In order to substantitate this claim, the editor cites the fact that the abundance of amphibians in 1975, only four species of amphibians were observed in 2002, and trout is predator for amphibian eggs. however, the above evidences cannot rule out other possible explanations for the decline of amphibians.
Indeed, there is fact that the number of amphibians drop dramatically from 1975 to 2002 in the national park. however, there is other possibilities that may result in the decline of amphibians. perhaps, the local climate has become not as suitable for amphibians as before. if the amphibians cannot adapt the climate change, they may die or migrate to other more suitable environment which would result in the decline of their number in national park. Besides of climate change, it is also possible that the national park environment has become less friendly for amphibians during last decades. perhaps there are more and more tourists to destory the natural environment; perhaps the national park to build the new construction to destory the native environemnt; or perhaps the lack of budget deteriorate the environment. No mater the what cause the environment become unsuitable for amphibians, it is quite possible that environment change can result in the decline of amphibians.
Moreover, the evidence regarding the observation in 2002 is too vague to make any firm conclusion about the decline of amphibians, since the editor cannot prove the accuracy of the observation. if this observation is conducted by several natural conversatoin hobbists who are lack of professional equipment and knowledge, it is quite possible that the observation were not conducted by the right places at the right time. if this is the case, the observer may not fasely conclude that the number of amphibians has dropped dramatically while is not the fact. before demostrating the accuracy of the observation, we cannot exclude the possibility that the number of amphibians has not actually decline.
Even the national environment has not changed and the observation is accurate, it is also too hastily to conclude that the introduction of trout is the root of declining number of amphibians. since the editor does not provides any information about the trout, we cannot know whether the exists of trout has already threaten the living of amphibians. if the national park only introduce a tiny number of trout, it may not put a threat on the living of amphibians. And, we are not teld whether the eggs of amphibians is the only food of trout. if the eggs of amphibians are not the main food of trout, then the trout may also not cause significantly decline of the amphibians.
In a nutshell, there are several alternative explains for the observed decline of amphibians. if the editor cannot rule out the possiblity that the living condtion for amphibians has not changed, prove the accuracy of observation and establish the reasonable casuality between introudction of trout and decline of amphibians, the editor's conclusion may be untenable.
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Sentence: The editor asserts that the dramatic decline of amphibians in Xanadu national park due to the intruduction of trout.
Error: intruduction Suggestion: introduction
Sentence: In order to substantitate this claim, the editor cites the fact that the abundance of amphibians in 1975, only four species of amphibians were observed in 2002, and trout is predator for amphibian eggs. however, the above evidences cannot rule out other possible explanations for the decline of amphibians.
Error: substantitate Suggestion: substantiate
Error: predator Suggestion: No alternate word
Sentence: Indeed, there is fact that the number of amphibians drop dramatically from 1975 to 2002 in the national park. however, there is other possibilities that may result in the decline of amphibians. perhaps, the local climate has become not as suitable for amphibians as before. if the amphibians cannot adapt the climate change, they may die or migrate to other more suitable environment which would result in the decline of their number in national park.
Error: may Suggestion: No alternate word
Sentence: Besides of climate change, it is also possible that the national park environment has become less friendly for amphibians during last decades. perhaps there are more and more tourists to destory the natural environment; perhaps the national park to build the new construction to destory the native environemnt; or perhaps the lack of budget deteriorate the environment.
Error: destory Suggestion: destroy
Error: environemnt Suggestion: environment
Sentence: Moreover, the evidence regarding the observation in 2002 is too vague to make any firm conclusion about the decline of amphibians, since the editor cannot prove the accuracy of the observation. if this observation is conducted by several natural conversatoin hobbists who are lack of professional equipment and knowledge, it is quite possible that the observation were not conducted by the right places at the right time. if this is the case, the observer may not fasely conclude that the number of
Error: may Suggestion: No alternate word
Error: hobbists Suggestion: hobbyists
Error: conversatoin Suggestion: conversation
Error: fasely Suggestion: basely
Sentence: amphibians has dropped dramatically while is not the fact. before demostrating the accuracy of the observation, we cannot exclude the possibility that the number of amphibians has not actually decline.
Error: demostrating Suggestion: demonstrating
Sentence: And, we are not teld whether the eggs of amphibians is the only food of trout. if the eggs of amphibians are not the main food of trout, then the trout may also not cause significantly decline of the amphibians.
Error: teld Suggestion: tell
Sentence: In a nutshell, there are several alternative explains for the observed decline of amphibians. if the editor cannot rule out the possiblity that the living condtion for amphibians has not changed, prove the accuracy of observation and establish the reasonable casuality between introudction of trout and decline of amphibians, the editor's conclusion may be untenable.
Error: condtion Suggestion: condition
Error: introudction Suggestion: introduction
Error: casuality Suggestion: No alternate word
Error: possiblity Suggestion: possibility
----------------
argument 1 -- OK
argument 2 -- not OK
argument 3 -- not exactly
----------------
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 15 2
No. of Sentences: 10 15
No. of Words: 512 350
No. of Characters: 2592 1500
No. of Different Words: 183 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.757 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.062 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.868 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 188 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 148 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 109 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 73 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 51.2 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 21.669 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.8 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.548 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.795 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.347 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 321, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...d trout is predator for amphibian eggs. however, the above evidences cannot rule out ot...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 111, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...from 1975 to 2002 in the national park. however, there is other possibilities that may ...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 120, Rule ID: THERE_S_MANY[4]
Message: Did you mean 'there are other possibilities'?
Suggestion: there are other possibilities
... to 2002 in the national park. however, there is other possibilities that may result in the decline of amphi...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 195, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Perhaps
...ay result in the decline of amphibians. perhaps, the local climate has become not as su...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 275, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
...t as suitable for amphibians as before. if the amphibians cannot adapt the climate...
^^
Line 3, column 596, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Perhaps
...dly for amphibians during last decades. perhaps there are more and more tourists to des...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 195, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
... prove the accuracy of the observation. if this observation is conducted by severa...
^^
Line 5, column 269, Rule ID: WHO_NOUN[1]
Message: A noun should not follow "who". Try changing to a verb or maybe to 'who is a are'.
Suggestion: who is a are
...y several natural conversatoin hobbists who are lack of professional equipment and know...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 423, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
... by the right places at the right time. if this is the case, the observer may not ...
^^
Line 5, column 559, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Before
...ped dramatically while is not the fact. before demostrating the accuracy of the observ...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 193, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Since
...root of declining number of amphibians. since the editor does not provides any inform...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 219, Rule ID: DOES_X_HAS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'provide'? As 'do' is already inflected, the verb cannot also be inflected.
Suggestion: provide
...f amphibians. since the editor does not provides any information about the trout, we can...
^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 219, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[3]
Message: The verb 'does' requires base form of the verb: 'provide'
Suggestion: provide
...f amphibians. since the editor does not provides any information about the trout, we can...
^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 316, Rule ID: HAVE_PART_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Possible agreement error -- use past participle here: 'threatened'.
Suggestion: threatened
...whether the exists of trout has already threaten the living of amphibians. if the nation...
^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 351, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
...eady threaten the living of amphibians. if the national park only introduce a tiny...
^^
Line 7, column 543, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
...f amphibians is the only food of trout. if the eggs of amphibians are not the main...
^^
Line 9, column 34, Rule ID: THERE_RE_MANY[3]
Message: Possible agreement error. Did you mean 'alternatives'?
Suggestion: alternatives
...ns. In a nutshell, there are several alternative explains for the observed decline of am...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 95, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
...for the observed decline of amphibians. if the editor cannot rule out the possibli...
^^
Line 9, column 331, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'editors'' or 'editor's'?
Suggestion: editors'; editor's
...of trout and decline of amphibians, the editors conclusion may be untenable.
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, besides, however, if, may, moreover, regarding, so, then, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 22.0 19.6327345309 112% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 14.0 12.9520958084 108% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 11.1786427146 72% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 13.6137724551 95% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 28.8173652695 83% => OK
Preposition: 71.0 55.5748502994 128% => OK
Nominalization: 23.0 16.3942115768 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2655.0 2260.96107784 117% => OK
No of words: 512.0 441.139720559 116% => OK
Chars per words: 5.185546875 5.12650576532 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.75682846001 4.56307096286 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.95057592428 2.78398813304 106% => OK
Unique words: 199.0 204.123752495 97% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.388671875 0.468620217663 83% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 844.2 705.55239521 120% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 4.96107784431 181% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.76447105788 80% => OK
Subordination: 9.0 2.70958083832 332% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 4.22255489022 142% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 21.0 19.7664670659 106% => OK
Sentence length: 24.0 22.8473053892 105% => OK
Sentence length SD: 52.9100550265 57.8364921388 91% => OK
Chars per sentence: 126.428571429 119.503703932 106% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.380952381 23.324526521 105% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.7619047619 5.70786347227 66% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 19.0 5.25449101796 362% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 8.20758483034 85% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 6.88822355289 73% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.67664670659 192% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.182450015145 0.218282227539 84% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0685720513462 0.0743258471296 92% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0655320207213 0.0701772020484 93% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.117377316115 0.128457276422 91% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0786473056773 0.0628817314937 125% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.2 14.3799401198 106% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 48.3550499002 97% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 12.197005988 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.12 12.5979740519 104% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.76 8.32208582834 93% => OK
difficult_words: 95.0 98.500998004 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 11.1389221557 104% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.