Airline industry representatives have recently argued that flying is safer than driving, citing two separate studies. First, US statistics show that each year there are approximately 40,000 deaths in automobile accidents versus only approximately 200 in flight accidents. Second, studies indicate that pilots are four times less likely than average to have accidents on the road.
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to determine whether the argument is reasonable. Be sure to explain what effects the answers to these questions would have on the validity of the argument.
The airline industry representatives make a very bold conclusion that flying is safer than driving. There are couple of studies citied which are used as an evidence for supporting the conclusion. But, there are a lot many unwarranted and unstated assumptions which question the credibility of the claim.
First of all, is it always conducive to fly rather driving even while travelling for short distances? The representatives assume that the data from the studies can be used for all in general. For instance, couple of commuters are to travel to a place 30 miles away. As the distance is not too much, there wouldn’t be airplanes available which fly for only 30 miles. The commuters in this situation would prefer to go by automobile. The distance plays an important role and as there is no mention about any distance in either of the two studies, the statistics from it are of questionable nature. This in turn would weaken the claim of the representatives to a great extent.
Secondly, what is the frequency for the airplanes? The representatives have made an assumption that the airlines have a very good frequency with their airplanes. This certainly might not be the case. As it is well known, the airplanes amount for a huge cost to operate flying them continuously would not be efficient for the airline. Instead of this, the idea of driving proves to be better over flying. Consider an example; a certain executive of company needs to be at a place urgently. The flight takes a little over three hours and the drive takes around seven to eight hours. But there is no availability of any airplane for the particular destination until tomorrow. The best way to reach as soon as possible would be to drive, as he or she cannot afford to waste time waiting for a flight. This assumption if proven true, would lower the merit of the representative’s claim.
Furthermore, another major factor would be the cost incurred. Is the cost of driving and flying to a particular place the same? Is it affordable by the common masses? The answer to this may be crystal clear for many. The cheaper mode of transport would be use a car instead of flying to the place. For a family of four a single car would prove to be much cheaper than to pay for the flight fare for all of them. The study indicates that there are 40000 road accidents death compared to the 200 deaths while flying. There may a clear reason for this. There are millions and millions of automobiles on the roads and in comparison the airplanes flying number to mere thousands. So the number of accidents may very well be in proportion to each other or there’s a possibility that the percentage of air accidents deaths are greater. The studies do not provide firm evidence or compelling facts and the above stated assumption would weaken the claim of representatives.
As of now with the current evidences and facts, the statement stands flawed. If the representatives would be able to provide more irrefutable evidences and statistics with proper comparison then it would help in bolstering the conclusion that flying would indefinitely be a better option than to drive.
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
flaws:
the argument 1 and argument 2 are out of topic
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Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 33 15
No. of Words: 542 350
No. of Characters: 2540 1500
No. of Different Words: 247 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.825 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.686 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.777 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 163 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 113 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 85 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 65 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 16.424 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 6.541 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.455 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.228 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.394 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.056 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 4, column 459, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'accidents'' or 'accident's'?
Suggestion: accidents'; accident's
...udy indicates that there are 40000 road accidents death compared to the 200 deaths while ...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, furthermore, if, may, second, secondly, so, then, well, while, for instance, in general, first of all, to a great extent
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 31.0 19.6327345309 158% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 18.0 12.9520958084 139% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 11.1786427146 116% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 13.6137724551 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 23.0 28.8173652695 80% => OK
Preposition: 66.0 55.5748502994 119% => OK
Nominalization: 15.0 16.3942115768 91% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2616.0 2260.96107784 116% => OK
No of words: 541.0 441.139720559 123% => OK
Chars per words: 4.83548983364 5.12650576532 94% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.82280071112 4.56307096286 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.92019231208 2.78398813304 105% => OK
Unique words: 261.0 204.123752495 128% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.482439926063 0.468620217663 103% => OK
syllable_count: 820.8 705.55239521 116% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 4.96107784431 60% => OK
Article: 16.0 8.76447105788 183% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 33.0 19.7664670659 167% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 22.8473053892 70% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 39.2135028561 57.8364921388 68% => OK
Chars per sentence: 79.2727272727 119.503703932 66% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.3939393939 23.324526521 70% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.0 5.70786347227 70% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 5.25449101796 19% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 15.0 8.20758483034 183% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 6.88822355289 73% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 13.0 4.67664670659 278% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.117652639143 0.218282227539 54% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0315724940261 0.0743258471296 42% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0496100314421 0.0701772020484 71% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0774832260039 0.128457276422 60% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0279731158881 0.0628817314937 44% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 9.6 14.3799401198 67% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 63.7 48.3550499002 132% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 12.197005988 69% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.5 12.5979740519 83% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.47 8.32208582834 90% => OK
difficult_words: 104.0 98.500998004 106% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 12.3882235529 52% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.4 11.1389221557 75% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.9071856287 67% => The average readability is low. Need to imporve the language.
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.