Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems.
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
The reading and the lecture are both about the obstacles of sending astronauts to Mars. The author of the reading believes that to be able to send human to Mars we would require solving an arangment of problems. The lecturer challenges the claims made by the author. She is of the opinion that even sending human to Mars is challenging but it is not imposible and there are solutions for all the problems mentioned in the article.
To begin with, the author argues that the trip to the Moon lasted only a few days but a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take minimum two years. The author mentions that to bring enough supplies of food ,water and oxygen for this amount of time for the people in the space craft is imposible. This specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. She says there is no need for such amount of food and they can use substitude to provide their need in the space vehicle. Additionally, she claims that thay can use Hyroponick which is growing plant in water instead of soil, and they can cultivate it in the space craft and use it as a food. This plant also recycle wast water and use carbon dioxide and make oxygen.
Another suggested reason by the writer is that zero gravity is harmfull for astronauts for that long time. The lecturer, however, rebuts his by mentioning that we have lots of astronauts which have been in space missions for many month and faced no such a problem. She says that they can avoid this consequence by doing some regular exercises or taking Vitamins such as Calcium.
Yet another explanation is that astronauts are exposed to dangerous radiation at this mission. In contrast the lecturer argues that the radiation will not b at the dangorous level all the time. Moreover, she says that they can avoid the radiation by monitoring it and knowing when it is in a harmfull level and also by making an instrument that sheild the radiation.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-20 | f.jafary66@gmail.com | 80 | view |
| 2020-01-18 | naziii | 3 | view |
| 2020-01-07 | 3dra | 3 | view |
| 2019-12-27 | Amirreza97 | 3 | view |
| 2019-12-16 | jeffhjz | 3 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 213, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...quire solving an arangment of problems. The lecturer challenges the claims made by ...
^^^
Line 5, column 211, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...ns that to bring enough supplies of food ,water and oxygen for this amount of time...
^^
Line 5, column 640, Rule ID: A_UNCOUNTABLE[1]
Message: Uncountable nouns are usually not used with an indefinite article. Use simply 'food'.
Suggestion: food
...ate it in the space craft and use it as a food. This plant also recycle wast water and...
^^^^^^
Line 9, column 226, Rule ID: MANY_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun month seems to be countable; consider using: 'many months'.
Suggestion: many months
...s which have been in space missions for many month and faced no such a problem. She says t...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 99, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[2]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: contrast,
...dangerous radiation at this mission. In contrast the lecturer argues that the radiation ...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, however, if, moreover, so, in contrast, such as, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 10.4613686534 163% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 16.0 7.30242825607 219% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 36.0 22.412803532 161% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 41.0 30.3222958057 135% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 5.01324503311 180% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1577.0 1373.03311258 115% => OK
No of words: 340.0 270.72406181 126% => OK
Chars per words: 4.63823529412 5.08290768461 91% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.29407602571 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.4593916456 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 168.0 145.348785872 116% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.494117647059 0.540411800872 91% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 487.8 419.366225166 116% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 38.2879203372 49.2860985944 78% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.5625 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.25 21.698381199 98% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.5625 7.06452816374 65% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 11.0 4.45695364238 247% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.095127594217 0.272083759551 35% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0315177571526 0.0996497079465 32% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.037394734978 0.0662205650399 56% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0601214239445 0.162205337803 37% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0343817707065 0.0443174109184 78% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.0 13.3589403974 82% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 67.08 53.8541721854 125% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 9.63 12.2367328918 79% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.11 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 74.0 63.6247240618 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.