TPO 47: Integrated writing task
The main topic of both the reading passage and the lecture is about whether pterosaurs were capable of powered flight or not. The author proposes three arguments which claim pterosaurs did not have this ability. However, the lecturer believes recent researches show that they were capable of power flight.
First of all, the author indicates that flight requires high energy and cold-blooded animals like which have slow metabolisms can not produce this energy. As pterosaurs were cold-blooded, in contrary to birds, it is unlikely that they could fly. However, the speaker refutes this theory by mentioning that recent findings from a fossil have revealed that pterosaurs had hair like covering on their body which seems that served a function like feathers in birds. Therefore, they might be warm-blooded and their body produced enough energy for powered flight.
Secondly, the author points to the heavy body of pterosaurs which made them unable to fly by flapping their wings fast. On the contrary, the lecturer points out that pterosaurs had a specific anatomical structure that made them able to fly. They had hollow bones, hence, contrary to their body size they were not much heavy and their wight was low enough that enabled them to fly.
Finally, the author declares that animals capable of power flight have the ability to jump or run fast and then jump from the ground. However, fossil records indicate that pterosaurs had not strong muscles in their back feet that enable them to jump or run fast and launch themselves into the air. By contrast, the lecturer repudiates this explanation by mentioning that did not use just their back feet. They stood on their four limbs and use their four limbs. Some birds like bats also display this behavior. Therefore, pterosaurs did not have trouble to run or jump enough to launch themselves into the air.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-11-01 | sahar90o | 73 | view |
| 2019-01-05 | tabatabaei777 | 83 | view |
| 2017-09-03 | alishan2009 | 73 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 612, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ough to launch themselves into the air.
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, hence, however, if, second, secondly, so, then, therefore, first of all, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 40.0 22.412803532 178% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 36.0 30.3222958057 119% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1556.0 1373.03311258 113% => OK
No of words: 309.0 270.72406181 114% => OK
Chars per words: 5.0355987055 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1926597562 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.38114699661 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 153.0 145.348785872 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.495145631068 0.540411800872 92% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 462.6 419.366225166 110% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 39.9859350272 49.2860985944 81% => OK
Chars per sentence: 97.25 110.228320801 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.3125 21.698381199 89% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.875 7.06452816374 97% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.452983251103 0.272083759551 166% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.15563813111 0.0996497079465 156% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0678322461838 0.0662205650399 102% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.276326708642 0.162205337803 170% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0438343753306 0.0443174109184 99% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.0 13.3589403974 90% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.95 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.7 8.42419426049 91% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.