A recent study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that employees with paid sick leave are 28% less likely to be involved in a work-related accident than employees who do not receive payment for sick leave. Researchers hypothesize that employees with unpaid sick leave feel pressured to work during time of illness for fear of lack of pay. On-the-job accidents are then spurred by impaired judgment or motor skills due to illness or illness-related medications. The highest-risk occupations, such as construction, showed the highest discrepancy in incidents based upon paid and unpaid leave. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to determine whether the researchers’ hypothesis is reasonable. Be sure to explain what effects the answers to these questions would have on the validity of the hypothesis.
The above argument is based on a recent study conducted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and states that employees with paid sick leave are 28% less likely to be involved in work relates accident as compared to employees who do not receive payment for sick leave. This hypothesis is based on the reasoning that employees with unpaid sick leave feel pressured to work during illness and their judgment is impaired due to which they are more likely to be involved in an accident. However, the researchers’ hypothesis is not reasonable, as many important factors and variables have not been taken to consideration by them which would provide the validity of the hypothesis.
First of all, the researchers state that construction jobs showed the highest discrepancy in incidents based on upon paid or unpaid leave. However, construction jobs are already high risk jobs and there are many incidents which might happen on a site that have nothing to do with an individual being sick. Such as accidently toppling the boxes, failure or wrong use of an equipment, not having enough expertise to the task Etcetera, which are not affected by an individual being sick or not.
Secondly, the author states that workers are 28% less likely to be involved in an accident if they receive payment for sick leave. 28% is not even a majority figure to conclude results or to prove a hypothesis. Furthermore, we have no information about the sample size on which this analysis was done. We have no data regarding the demographics of the sample size which is an important factor in correlation with work. Such as age can directly affects the quality of the work. People who are older are more likely to be impacted by sickness and their work efficiency is more likely to decrease. This researchers’ sample must have consisted of more people of an older age for all we know. Hence more data regarding the demographics of the sample size is needed to make an accurate judgement.
Lastly, we don’t know the sample size or the conditions under which this study was conducted. The Researchers’ in their hypothesis state that people feel more pressured to work during their time of illness due to a fear of not being paid. However, we can’t relate pressure to work during illness with lack of pay. This could also be because there are some important tasks which need to be completed urgently and sent out due to which employees have to work while being sick. It might also be because the employee does not like to take a leave when sick and instead feels like finishing his/her tasks at hand.
Hence on the basis of the above arguments it can be concluded that the validity of the researchers’ hypothesis cannot be verified. More details regarding their sample and the setting of the study are needed to analyze the validity of the researchers’ conclusions. Researchers also need to dive deeper in their study to prove this hypothesis as the current figure shows only 28% likeliness of employees to work during time of sickness due to fear of not being paid. This is not an adequate percentage to prove the validity of their hypothesis.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 23 15
No. of Words: 540 350
No. of Characters: 2540 1500
No. of Different Words: 212 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.821 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.704 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.569 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 162 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 123 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 93 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 61 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 23.478 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 8.948 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.696 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.323 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.323 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.185 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 1 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 596, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: These
... efficiency is more likely to decrease. This researchers’ sample must have consisted...
^^^^
Line 3, column 689, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
...people of an older age for all we know. Hence more data regarding the demographics of...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Hence,
... like finishing his/her tasks at hand. Hence on the basis of the above arguments it ...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, lastly, regarding, second, secondly, so, while, such as, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 36.0 19.6327345309 183% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 11.0 12.9520958084 85% => OK
Conjunction : 14.0 11.1786427146 125% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 13.6137724551 140% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 28.8173652695 115% => OK
Preposition: 84.0 55.5748502994 151% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 16.3942115768 73% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2608.0 2260.96107784 115% => OK
No of words: 538.0 441.139720559 122% => OK
Chars per words: 4.84758364312 5.12650576532 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.81610080973 4.56307096286 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.69870809585 2.78398813304 97% => OK
Unique words: 215.0 204.123752495 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.399628252788 0.468620217663 85% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 827.1 705.55239521 117% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 4.96107784431 181% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.76447105788 57% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 2.70958083832 37% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 4.22255489022 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 23.0 19.7664670659 116% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 22.8473053892 101% => OK
Sentence length SD: 51.8875110178 57.8364921388 90% => OK
Chars per sentence: 113.391304348 119.503703932 95% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.3913043478 23.324526521 100% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.0 5.70786347227 88% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 5.25449101796 57% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 8.20758483034 24% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 15.0 6.88822355289 218% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.67664670659 128% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.384303304617 0.218282227539 176% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.114659567427 0.0743258471296 154% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.155877879194 0.0701772020484 222% => The coherence between sentences is low.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.242333452497 0.128457276422 189% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.162935599221 0.0628817314937 259% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.1 14.3799401198 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 48.3550499002 117% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 12.197005988 91% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.15 12.5979740519 89% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.54 8.32208582834 91% => OK
difficult_words: 94.0 98.500998004 95% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 18.0 12.3882235529 145% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 11.1389221557 101% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.