Powered flight of Pterosaurs
There is a long-running debate about whether it is possible for ptersaurs, a kind of ancient huge animals, to conduct powered flight by their own wings. The passage mentions that ptersaurs could not perform this behavior. But the lecture considers them unconvincing.
The passage begins by arguing that pterosaurs are a instance of cold-blooded animal, which their inefficient metabolism hardly to support the required huge amount of energy for powered flight. Nevertheless, The lecture counters this, pointing out that the fossil evidence indicate ptersaurs have covering layer on their skin, which is a typical trait for warm-blooded animals. This covering layer acts like fur, which can prevent ptersaurs from surrounding low temperature, and enable metabolism to provide enough energy for powered flight. Therefore, the assertion of the passage sound unreasoning.
Furthermore, the passage assumes that the weight of pterosaurs are too heavy to flight. The lecture, however, suggests this may not be merited by the evidence. The analysis shows that the bone of pterosaurs are hallow, not soild. Therefore, even if pterosaurs have huge body, their weight is relatively small, which allows to be supported by their wings. The passage cannot bolster the recommendation without ruling out the refutation.
Last but not the least, even if the evidence turns out to support the passage that the legs of pterosaurs are not powerful enough to enable them to perform the jump behavior, which is necessary for animal to fly, one critical fact is being left out of consideration. The lecture points out the passage neglect the truth that pterosaurs are not two-feet animals. Pterosaurs have four legs, and they could utlize all the four legs to gain the required speed. The passage must explain more persuasively to reach the cited conclusion.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-10-11 | mraru | 80 | view |
| 2022-07-16 | Bill Kang | 80 | view |
| 2022-07-16 | Bill Kang | 68 | view |
| 2022-07-02 | Seyed Armin Mirhosseini | 81 | view |
| 2021-09-06 | talelaldabous | 68 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 10, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
There is a long-running debate about whether it is possible for...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 51, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...e begins by arguing that pterosaurs are a instance of cold-blooded animal, which ...
^
Line 5, column 212, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'hallowed'.
Suggestion: hallowed
...s shows that the bone of pterosaurs are hallow, not soild. Therefore, even if pterosau...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, furthermore, however, if, may, nevertheless, so, therefore, kind of
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 20.0 22.412803532 89% => OK
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1558.0 1373.03311258 113% => OK
No of words: 290.0 270.72406181 107% => OK
Chars per words: 5.3724137931 5.08290768461 106% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.12666770723 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.79255848238 2.5805825403 108% => OK
Unique words: 153.0 145.348785872 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.527586206897 0.540411800872 98% => OK
syllable_count: 471.6 419.366225166 112% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 59.3104912726 49.2860985944 120% => OK
Chars per sentence: 97.375 110.228320801 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.125 21.698381199 84% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.5 7.06452816374 64% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.286983803248 0.272083759551 105% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0879908452667 0.0996497079465 88% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0935231856063 0.0662205650399 141% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.173917474708 0.162205337803 107% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0274520574194 0.0443174109184 62% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.9 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.57 12.2367328918 111% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.5 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 63.6247240618 115% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.