Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands were extinct. Previous archaeological findings have suggested that early humans generally relied on both fishing and hunting for food; since archaeologists have discovered numerous sites in the Kaliko Islands where the bones of fish were discarded, it is likely that the humans also hunted the mammals. Furthermore, researchers have uncovered simple tools, such as stone knives, that could be used for hunting. The only clear explanation is that humans caused the extinction of the various mammal species through excessive hunting.
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
The author concludes that the main reason for extinction of mammal's species on Kaliko Islands is because of unregulated hunting done by humans. The author comes to this contention by citing various archaeological findings which pointed that humans relied on mammals as their food source. Before, we assess the validity of this argument, the author needs to provide additional evidence against the three unwarranted assumptions stated below.
Firstly, the author assumes that the are no other factors valid than human hunting which resulted in the extinction of mammals. However, there can be multiple reason which brought about this extinction. Perhaps, the habitat of these mammals was largely affected when a new predator started hunting the same animal species as the mammals and which led to the scarcity of food for these mammals. It is also possible, that a volcanic eruption or a meteorite significantly impacted the numbers of animals living on the Kaliko Islands, increasing the competition for limited food resource available for mammals. If either of the above scenarios holds, then the author's contentions fail to hold water.
Secondly, the author assumes that the extinction of these mammals was due to the overhunting for food. But, it is also likable the humans hunted these mammals for other purposes than food. Maybe, the humans used the mammals skin to quill clothes to survive the harsh winters on the islands. Or perhaps, humans used these mammals parts as cultural or spiritual ritual. It is also possible that humans hunted mammals to trade their parts among each other. Either of the above cases is likely to hinder the credibility of the author's assumption.
Lastly, the author assumes that the presence of hunting tools at the archaeological sites justifies that human over hunted these mammals. However, it is possible that these stones knives were use largely for hunting small animal and were hardly effective against a large mammal. Also, even if we consider that these tools helped in hunting the mammals, it cannot be justified whether they were used to hunt the mammals or just used as self-protection against the invasion of these mammals in the human territory. If these tools were merely used in self protection, it is likable that mammals were not hunted regularly. In either scenario, the author's assumption is significantly weakened.
In conclusion, the author might be right that human's excessive hunting caused these mammals to go extinct. However, as it stands now the conclusion stands on three assumptions that hinder its validity. The author needs to provide evidence for above mentioned assumptions to increase the persuasiveness of their argument
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 34, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...ow. Firstly, the author assumes that the are no other factors valid than human hunti...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 524, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...likely to hinder the credibility of the authors assumption. Lastly, the author assum...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 395, Rule ID: ADMIT_ENJOY_VB[5]
Message: This verb is used with the gerund form: 'used to hunting'.
Suggestion: used to hunting
...t cannot be justified whether they were used to hunt the mammals or just used as self-protec...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 644, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...nted regularly. In either scenario, the authors assumption is significantly weakened. ...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, however, if, lastly, may, second, secondly, so, then, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 19.6327345309 97% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 12.9520958084 23% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 11.1786427146 54% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 18.0 13.6137724551 132% => OK
Pronoun: 41.0 28.8173652695 142% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 51.0 55.5748502994 92% => OK
Nominalization: 16.0 16.3942115768 98% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2274.0 2260.96107784 101% => OK
No of words: 431.0 441.139720559 98% => OK
Chars per words: 5.27610208817 5.12650576532 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.55637350225 4.56307096286 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.66557723093 2.78398813304 96% => OK
Unique words: 202.0 204.123752495 99% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.4686774942 0.468620217663 100% => OK
syllable_count: 706.5 705.55239521 100% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 4.96107784431 161% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.76447105788 126% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 22.0 19.7664670659 111% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 22.8473053892 83% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 43.6212331723 57.8364921388 75% => OK
Chars per sentence: 103.363636364 119.503703932 86% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.5909090909 23.324526521 84% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.27272727273 5.70786347227 75% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 5.25449101796 76% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 8.20758483034 12% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 6.88822355289 131% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 12.0 4.67664670659 257% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.163078531264 0.218282227539 75% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.057627311573 0.0743258471296 78% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0439499428651 0.0701772020484 63% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.104171797425 0.128457276422 81% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0314378148888 0.0628817314937 50% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.2 14.3799401198 92% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 48.3550499002 108% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 12.197005988 88% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.34 12.5979740519 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.76 8.32208582834 105% => OK
difficult_words: 114.0 98.500998004 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 11.1389221557 86% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.9071856287 92% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 34, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...ow. Firstly, the author assumes that the are no other factors valid than human hunti...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 524, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...likely to hinder the credibility of the authors assumption. Lastly, the author assum...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 395, Rule ID: ADMIT_ENJOY_VB[5]
Message: This verb is used with the gerund form: 'used to hunting'.
Suggestion: used to hunting
...t cannot be justified whether they were used to hunt the mammals or just used as self-protec...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 644, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...nted regularly. In either scenario, the authors assumption is significantly weakened. ...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, however, if, lastly, may, second, secondly, so, then, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 19.6327345309 97% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 12.9520958084 23% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 11.1786427146 54% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 18.0 13.6137724551 132% => OK
Pronoun: 41.0 28.8173652695 142% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 51.0 55.5748502994 92% => OK
Nominalization: 16.0 16.3942115768 98% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2274.0 2260.96107784 101% => OK
No of words: 431.0 441.139720559 98% => OK
Chars per words: 5.27610208817 5.12650576532 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.55637350225 4.56307096286 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.66557723093 2.78398813304 96% => OK
Unique words: 202.0 204.123752495 99% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.4686774942 0.468620217663 100% => OK
syllable_count: 706.5 705.55239521 100% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 4.96107784431 161% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.76447105788 126% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 22.0 19.7664670659 111% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 22.8473053892 83% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 43.6212331723 57.8364921388 75% => OK
Chars per sentence: 103.363636364 119.503703932 86% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.5909090909 23.324526521 84% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.27272727273 5.70786347227 75% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 5.25449101796 76% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 8.20758483034 12% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 6.88822355289 131% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 12.0 4.67664670659 257% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.163078531264 0.218282227539 75% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.057627311573 0.0743258471296 78% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0439499428651 0.0701772020484 63% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.104171797425 0.128457276422 81% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0314378148888 0.0628817314937 50% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.2 14.3799401198 92% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 48.3550499002 108% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 12.197005988 88% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.34 12.5979740519 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.76 8.32208582834 105% => OK
difficult_words: 114.0 98.500998004 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 11.1389221557 86% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.9071856287 92% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.