The Phoenicians
The Phoenicians were an ancient civilization that emerged in the eastern Mediterranean around 1500 BCE. They were known for their seafaring skills and played a significant role in trade and commerce. While some historians have suggested that the Phoenicians may have circumnavigated (sailed all the way around) Africa, there are several compelling reasons why this is unlikely.
Firstly, the Phoenicians mostly used their ships to trade along coastal areas. While they were skilled sailors, their ships were not designed for long-distance voyages in the open ocean. They were small and made of wood, with limited room for cargo and navigational equipment. It is doubtful that these ships could have withstood the powerful currents and storms that would have been encountered on a voyage all the way around Africa.
Secondly, the geography of the African continent would have presented significant obstacles to any sailors attempting to navigate it. The Cape of Good Hope, located at the southern tip of Africa, is notorious for its strong currents and unpredictable weather. Even modern-day ships must be very careful when passing through this region. Given the limited navigational equipment available to the Phoenicians, it is unlikely that they would have attempted to cross these dangerous waters.
Finally, there is no real historical evidence to suggest that the Phoenicians ever completed this journey. All surviving records from the era indicate that they were primarily interested in establishing trade routes and colonies in the Mediterranean and Red Seas. There are no surviving records or artifacts that clearly prove that the Phoenicians ever attempted to circumnavigate Africa.
The article states that the Phoenicians were known for their sailing skills and playing an important part in trade and commerce. However, some historians have assumed that the Phoenicians were not likely to circumnavigate Africa because three strong reasons. However, the professor explains that it is possible for the Phoenicians to sail all the way around and he also proposed three compelling points to challenge the article.
First, the reading claims that even though the Phoenicians were skilled sailors, their ships were not capable for them to travel long distance in the open ocean. Because their ships were small and made of woods. The professor refutes this point by saying that the ships of the Phoenicians were well-equipment and were reinforced by strong materials, so their ships were durable. Therefore, it is possible for the skilled Phoenicians traveling long period in ocean with their strong ships.
Second, the article points out that the African continent would have significant obstacles to any sailors who want to enter. However, the lecturer says that even though there were geography obstacles, the Phoenicians could use natural tools to help them go through the difficulties like using stars as landmark.
Third, the reading claims that there is no evidence to prove that the Phoenicians ever finished this journey. The professor opposed this point by explaining that there are indirect evidence can show the Phoenicians actually circumnavigated Africa. The ancient drawing seems to paint the Phoenicians passing across the ocean, and the ancient Greek materials also show the same evidence.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-09-04 | madinaaaaaaaaaa | 80 | view |
| 2023-09-04 | madinaaaaaaaaaa | 80 | view |
| 2023-09-04 | madinaaaaaaaaaa | 80 | view |
| 2023-06-07 | Vivian Chang | 80 | view |
| 2023-06-07 | Vivian Chang | 80 | view |
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, first, however, if, second, so, therefore, third, well
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1374.0 1373.03311258 100% => OK
No of words: 254.0 270.72406181 94% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.4094488189 5.08290768461 106% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.99216450694 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.69051788282 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 141.0 145.348785872 97% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.555118110236 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 400.5 419.366225166 96% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 34.5623430276 49.2860985944 70% => OK
Chars per sentence: 114.5 110.228320801 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.1666666667 21.698381199 98% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.83333333333 7.06452816374 83% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.347713663567 0.272083759551 128% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.133197834433 0.0996497079465 134% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0820323893545 0.0662205650399 124% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.195354636174 0.162205337803 120% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0978881177034 0.0443174109184 221% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.6 13.3589403974 109% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.1 12.2367328918 115% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.35 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 59.0 63.6247240618 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.2008830022 134% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, first, however, if, second, so, therefore, third, well
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1374.0 1373.03311258 100% => OK
No of words: 254.0 270.72406181 94% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.4094488189 5.08290768461 106% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.99216450694 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.69051788282 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 141.0 145.348785872 97% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.555118110236 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 400.5 419.366225166 96% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 34.5623430276 49.2860985944 70% => OK
Chars per sentence: 114.5 110.228320801 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.1666666667 21.698381199 98% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.83333333333 7.06452816374 83% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.347713663567 0.272083759551 128% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.133197834433 0.0996497079465 134% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0820323893545 0.0662205650399 124% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.195354636174 0.162205337803 120% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0978881177034 0.0443174109184 221% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.6 13.3589403974 109% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.1 12.2367328918 115% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.35 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 59.0 63.6247240618 93% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.2008830022 134% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.