54. Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands had become extinct. Yet humans cannot have been a factor in the species' extinctions, because there is no evidence that the humans had any significant contact with the mammals. Further, archaeologists have discovered numerous sites where the bones of fish had been discarded, but they found no such areas containing the bones of large mammals, so the humans cannot have hunted the mammals. Therefore, some climate change or other environmental factor must have caused the species' extinctions.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
In the argument, the author argues that the large mammal species had become extinct because of some climate change or other environmental factor, not because of human. Although it may seem convincing at first, unwarranted assumptions lead me to conclude that the claim is wrong in many regards.
First, the author assumes lack of evidence on significant interaction between human and the mammals proves the claim that humans cannot be a factor in the species` extinctions. However, it is possible that human`s marginal contact with the mammals can lead their extinctions. For example, mammals can be infected by human. Human may have critical disease which leads them to die. In such case, without significant contact with humans, mammals may get the disease and finally become extinct. Therefore, author cannot jump to the conclusion that human is not a factor in the mammals` extinctions.
Another assumption author makes is that lack of mammals` bones indicates that the humans cannot have hunted the mammals. It is plausible that human may have hunted the large mammal species and after eating them, they might discard the bones of large mammals in the sea because of some other reasons. Also, it is plausible that they might use large mammals` bones as weapons or decoration for their house. To use bones for their purpose, they might hone the bones, so archaeologists cannot recognize them as a bones of large mammals. Therefore, human can be a factor for cause of large mammals` extinctions.
Lastly, the author assumes that climate change or other environmental factor must have caused the mammals` extinctions because there is no evidence that people have caused their extinctions. In all likelihood, some insects might cause their extinctions. Although their size is quite diminutive, they might have crucial poison that make large mammals immediately to die. In such cases, environmental factor or climate change cannot be the only possible factor that have caused the species` extinctions.
In conclusion, the author`s claim is unsound on many grounds. To bolster his claim, he should reconsider about above assumptions.
- 54. Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands had become extinct. Yet humans cannot have been a factor in the species' extinction 43
- 50. An ancient, traditional remedy for insomnia—the scent of lavender flowers—has now been proved effective. In a recent study, 30 volunteers with chronic insomnia slept each night for three weeks on lavender-scented pillows in a controlled room where 63
- 177. The following appeared in a memo from New Ventures Consulting to the president of HobCo, Inc., a chain of hobby shops."Our team has completed its research on suitable building sites for a new HobCo hobby Shop in the city of Grilldon. We discover 63
Comments
Essay evaluation report
argument 1 -- OK
argument 2 -- not OK
argument 3 -- similar to argument 1
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Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 2.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 19 15
No. of Words: 341 350
No. of Characters: 1740 1500
No. of Different Words: 142 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.297 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.103 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.558 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 133 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 93 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 44 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 33 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 17.947 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 6.985 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.684 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.362 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.591 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.18 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 518, Rule ID: A_PLURAL[1]
Message: Don't use indefinite articles with plural words. Did you mean 'a bone' or simply 'bones'?
Suggestion: a bone; bones
...archaeologists cannot recognize them as a bones of large mammals. Therefore, human can ...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 623, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...use of large mammals' extinctions. Lastly, the author assumes that climate ...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, however, if, lastly, may, so, therefore, for example, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 19.6327345309 66% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 19.0 12.9520958084 147% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 11.1786427146 63% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 13.6137724551 103% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 28.8173652695 115% => OK
Preposition: 34.0 55.5748502994 61% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 16.3942115768 37% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1849.0 2260.96107784 82% => OK
No of words: 341.0 441.139720559 77% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.42228739003 5.12650576532 106% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.29722995808 4.56307096286 94% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.93125191153 2.78398813304 105% => OK
Unique words: 150.0 204.123752495 73% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.439882697947 0.468620217663 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 565.2 705.55239521 80% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 4.96107784431 141% => OK
Article: 4.0 8.76447105788 46% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 2.70958083832 74% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 8.0 4.22255489022 189% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 19.7664670659 96% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 22.8473053892 74% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 43.2657829912 57.8364921388 75% => OK
Chars per sentence: 97.3157894737 119.503703932 81% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.9473684211 23.324526521 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.68421052632 5.70786347227 82% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 5.25449101796 38% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 8.20758483034 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 11.0 6.88822355289 160% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.67664670659 171% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.216043264376 0.218282227539 99% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0838514794477 0.0743258471296 113% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0602438213315 0.0701772020484 86% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.125690905229 0.128457276422 98% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0598411553153 0.0628817314937 95% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.1 14.3799401198 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 45.76 48.3550499002 95% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 12.197005988 91% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.86 12.5979740519 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.86 8.32208582834 94% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 98.500998004 74% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 11.1389221557 79% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.9071856287 92% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 50.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.