The city council of Town X has proposed reducing the city’s electric expenses by switching all the lights in public buildings from incandescent bulbs to light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The switch would be made gradually as the old incandescent bulbs burn out, and the city council reasons that since LED lights burn brighter and cost no more to purchase, the switch would help Town X save money on electrical costs in the future.
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered to help evaluate the efficacy of the city council’s proposal to save money on electrical costs. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the council’s prediction.
The city council of town X has concluded that if the old incandescent bulbs are replaced with the LEDs , then more money will be saved on the electrical costs in the future. Although the cited evidences seem logical and probably, however the assumption on which the conclusion relies does not lend credible support to the city council's argument. The argument seems logically unconvincing in several aspects.
Firstly, the council assumes that public buildings would accept their proposal and thus help in saving the electric costs in future. But what if the public continues to use incandescent bulbs , instead of LED's? In this case the entire purpose of the argument would be undermined. 'What if the LEDs are costlier than the incandescent bulbs?'.In this case most people might not afford buying LEDs even if they are more efficient then the incandescent bulbs.It also may happen that the public buildings aldready have bought a large supply of incandescent bulbs on discount previously and hence do not find the need to buy additional LED's.The significance of the argument would have bolstered if the city council had conducted a survey on the preferences of individual people or would have probably provided more information about the disparities in cost and efficiencies of the two types of bulbs.
In addition to this, the council assumes that since the LEDs burn brighter and hence could be used for a longer period time, therefore they are the most efficient ones available and would definitely save electric costs in the future. However are there any other bulbs as well which prove to be more efficient than LEDs ?.Like bulbs who cost less and consume lesser power than the LEDs In this case the council's argument would seem misleading as the they failed to conduct a proper survey and reached on a hasty conclusion that LEDs are the best. Also what if there are other factors contributing to the increase of electric costs in the city. For example maybe people waste more electricity by keeping the bulbs ON even when not required or there maybe presence of more number of malls,shopping-centres or gyms in the city X .These places specifically have massive number of attractive lightings to gain more customers ,which they keep ON for the entire day and which consumes a lot of power, thus increasing the electric costs of the entire city on average.The city council should thus conduct surveys to check the amount of power consumed by different places and household in the city and then reach to a proper conclusion.Also the council could provide additional information of the impact of renewable sources of energy such as solar panels on power consumption . It may happen that they prove to be more efficient that LEDs and thus save electric costs in future.
To sum up, the argument consists of some obvious fallacies and loopholes. The argument would have strengthened considerably if the council had provided more information about what others factors could have attributed to the increase in electric costs of the city or conducted some survey to gain public insight on this change. But in the absence of these evidences the recommendation relies on certain doubtful assumptions that render it unconvincing as it stands.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 12 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 4 2
No. of Sentences: 16 15
No. of Words: 543 350
No. of Characters: 2665 1500
No. of Different Words: 231 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.827 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.908 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.656 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 178 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 132 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 97 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 63 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 33.938 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 22.496 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.875 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.364 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.541 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.08 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 103, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...descent bulbs are replaced with the LEDs , then more money will be saved on the el...
^^
Line 1, column 328, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'councils'' or 'council's'?
Suggestion: councils'; council's
...s not lend credible support to the city councils argument. The argument seems logically ...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 69, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'councils'' or 'council's'?
Suggestion: councils'; council's
... that public buildings would accept the councils proposal and thus help in saving the el...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 130, Rule ID: IN_PAST[1]
Message: Did you mean: 'in the future'?
Suggestion: in the future
... thus help in saving the electric costs in future. But what if the public continues to u...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 149, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...g the electric costs in future. But what if the public continues to use incandesc...
^^
Line 3, column 384, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: In
...tly to buy than the incandescent bulbs?.In this case most people might not afford ...
^^
Line 3, column 470, Rule ID: LESS_MORE_THEN[1]
Message: Did you mean 'than'?
Suggestion: than
...uy LEDs even if they are more efficient then the incandescent bulbs.It also may happ...
^^^^
Line 3, column 498, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: It
...e efficient then the incandescent bulbs.It also may happen that the public buildin...
^^
Line 3, column 679, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...ot find the urge to buy additional LEDs.The significance of the argument would have...
^^^
Line 5, column 235, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...tely save electric costs in the future. However are there any other bulbs as well which...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 350, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'councils'' or 'council's'?
Suggestion: councils'; council's
...than LEDs themselves?. In this case the councils argument would seem misleading as the t...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 393, Rule ID: DT_PRP[1]
Message: Possible typo. Did you mean 'the' or 'they'?
Suggestion: the; they
...ncils argument would seem misleading as the they failed to conduct a proper survey and r...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 494, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Also,
...asty conclusion than LEDs are the best. Also what if there are other factors contrib...
^^^^
Line 5, column 731, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , shopping-centres
...e maybe presence of more number of malls,shopping-centres or gyms in the city X .These places spe...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 770, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...s,shopping-centres or gyms in the city X .These places specifically have many attr...
^^
Line 5, column 772, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: These
...shopping-centres or gyms in the city X .These places specifically have many attractiv...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 851, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...ractive lightings to gain more customers ,which they keep on for the entire day an...
^^
Line 7, column 201, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ormation about what others factors could have attributed to the increase in elect...
^^
Line 7, column 347, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...sight on this change. But in the absence of these evidences the recommendation re...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, hence, however, if, may, so, then, therefore, thus, well, for example, in addition, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 19.6327345309 56% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 12.0 12.9520958084 93% => OK
Conjunction : 15.0 11.1786427146 134% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 13.6137724551 81% => OK
Pronoun: 20.0 28.8173652695 69% => OK
Preposition: 59.0 55.5748502994 106% => OK
Nominalization: 15.0 16.3942115768 91% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2347.0 2260.96107784 104% => OK
No of words: 466.0 441.139720559 106% => OK
Chars per words: 5.0364806867 5.12650576532 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.64618479453 4.56307096286 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.81628789652 2.78398813304 101% => OK
Unique words: 210.0 204.123752495 103% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.450643776824 0.468620217663 96% => OK
syllable_count: 735.3 705.55239521 104% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 4.96107784431 40% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.76447105788 80% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 2.70958083832 37% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 4.22255489022 142% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 19.7664670659 76% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 31.0 22.8473053892 136% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 143.720562203 57.8364921388 248% => The lengths of sentences changed so frequently.
Chars per sentence: 156.466666667 119.503703932 131% => OK
Words per sentence: 31.0666666667 23.324526521 133% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.0 5.70786347227 140% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 5.15768463074 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 19.0 5.25449101796 362% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 8.20758483034 97% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 6.88822355289 87% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.67664670659 21% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.277752246724 0.218282227539 127% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0967873374999 0.0743258471296 130% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.080698984629 0.0701772020484 115% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.17587131505 0.128457276422 137% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0706075404434 0.0628817314937 112% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.8 14.3799401198 124% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 40.01 48.3550499002 83% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.4 12.197005988 126% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.54 12.5979740519 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.63 8.32208582834 104% => OK
difficult_words: 102.0 98.500998004 104% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 12.3882235529 89% => OK
gunning_fog: 14.4 11.1389221557 129% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.