Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands had become extinct. Yet humans cannot have been a factor in the species' extinctions, because there is no evidence that the humans had any significant contact with the mammals. Further, archaeologists have discovered numerous sites where the bones of fish had been discarded, but they found no such areas containing the bones of large mammals, so the humans cannot have hunted the mammals. Therefore, some climate change or other environmental factor must have caused the species' extinctions.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The author concludes that humans weren't a factor that led to the extinction of large mammals. The author reaches to this conclusion based on several pieces of evidence, including an investigation by archaeologists. Although the author's contention might ultimately prove valid, as it stands now, it relies on three unwarranted assumptions that severely undermine its persuasiveness and credibility.
First of all, the author assumes that the absence of evidence can mean that there was no significant contact of humans with large mammals, which might not be the case. For example, an unknown forest fire could have destroyed the pertinent evidence. Furthermore, maybe not enough archaeologists attempted to uncover the evidence behind the mysteries of large mammals' extinction in the Kaliko Islands. If either of the above-mentioned scenarios is true, then the author's contention that humans do not have anything to do with the species' extinction due to absence of evidence is considerably impaired.
Secondly, the author assumes that no indirect human intervention can trigger the extinction process of large mammals. However, it may not be true. What if humans hunted the small mammals which were the food of large mammals? Also, what if human activities led to dramatic changes in climate that ultimately led to the extinction of the species in question? If answer to any of the aforementioned questions is true, then the credibility of author's argument is appreciably hampered.
Finally, the author assumes that "numerous" sites that archaeologists explored is significant, which may not be true. The archaeologists may have explored only 2 sites in their studies, which is not statistically significant to reach to any form of conclusion. Moreover, the sites chosen by these archaeologists may have selection bias, and thus not representative of the entire Kaliko Island's demographics. What if they only surveyed sites near the coastal areas of the island. Thus, if any of these cases mentioned above is in fact true, then the argument's persuasiveness is significantly undermined.
In conclusion, I would like to say that the author's contention rests on abovementioned three unwarranted assumptions which drastically diminish its credibility and persuasiveness.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 18 15
No. of Words: 349 350
No. of Characters: 1880 1500
No. of Different Words: 170 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.322 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.387 4.6
Word Length SD: 3.227 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 136 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 112 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 84 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 58 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 19.389 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 6.13 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.833 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.341 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.559 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.076 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 34, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: weren't
The author concludes that humans werent a factor that led to the extinction of ...
^^^^^^
Line 1, column 229, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...igation by archaeologists. Although the authors contention might ultimately prove valid...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 359, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'mammals'' or 'mammal's'?
Suggestion: mammals'; mammal's
... evidence behind the mysteries of large mammals extinction in the Kaliko Islands. If ei...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 462, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...e-mentioned scenarios is true, then the authors contention that humans do not have anyt...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 560, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'arguments'' or 'argument's'?
Suggestion: arguments'; argument's
...ntioned above is in fact true, then the arguments persuasiveness is significantly undermi...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 45, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...onclusion, I would like to say that the authors contention rests on abovementioned thre...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, may, moreover, second, secondly, so, then, thus, for example, in conclusion, in fact, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 19.6327345309 66% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 12.9520958084 77% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 11.1786427146 27% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 16.0 13.6137724551 118% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 28.8173652695 76% => OK
Preposition: 46.0 55.5748502994 83% => OK
Nominalization: 20.0 16.3942115768 122% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1940.0 2260.96107784 86% => OK
No of words: 348.0 441.139720559 79% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.57471264368 5.12650576532 109% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.31911543099 4.56307096286 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.37532997266 2.78398813304 121% => OK
Unique words: 177.0 204.123752495 87% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.508620689655 0.468620217663 109% => OK
syllable_count: 603.9 705.55239521 86% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 4.96107784431 60% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.76447105788 91% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 19.7664670659 91% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 22.8473053892 83% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 42.6113646233 57.8364921388 74% => OK
Chars per sentence: 107.777777778 119.503703932 90% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.3333333333 23.324526521 83% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.11111111111 5.70786347227 142% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 5.25449101796 114% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 8.20758483034 49% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 6.88822355289 131% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.67664670659 107% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.175890942462 0.218282227539 81% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0592696866609 0.0743258471296 80% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0591109100311 0.0701772020484 84% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0910852882696 0.128457276422 71% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0638017126527 0.0628817314937 101% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.5 14.3799401198 101% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 43.73 48.3550499002 90% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 12.197005988 98% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 15.03 12.5979740519 119% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.03 8.32208582834 109% => OK
difficult_words: 98.0 98.500998004 99% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 12.3882235529 93% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 11.1389221557 86% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 83.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 5.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.