Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade Dinosauria that first appeared during the Triassic period approximately 231.4 million years ago. They were teh dominant terrestrial vertebrates for 135 million years. Many dinosaurs had crests and frills such as the marginocephalians, theropods, and lambeosaurines. The crests found on these different species were too fragile to be used as physical defense. Therefore, there must have been some other use for the crests. There have been three different hypotheses for the use of the crests.
One hypothesis is that the crest was used to enhance the dinosaur's sense of smell. The crest was believed to expand the surface area of smell sensory receptors. Providing more receptors meant that more smells could be picked up and identified.
Another hypothesis was that the crest was used to help cool the dinosaurs. The dinosaur's crest would increase the surface area of their skin surface. This would allow for the dinosaur to catch more of teh breeze and utilize it to keep them cool during hot times of the year.
And the third hypothesis was that it was used to phonate. Dinosaurs would use their crests to amplify sounds to communicate with other members of their herd. This would allow the dinosaurs to communicate over greater distances.
According to the passage, Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals 231.4 million years ago. The passage focuses on the crest and frills that dinosaurs used. Although, as per the passage the crest found in dinosaurs were too fragile to use as a physical defense. the hypotheses for the use of crest mentioned in the passage include, enhance the sense of smell in dinosaurs, to help them keep their body cool and to phonate. Although, the professor in the lecture refutes the idea for the use of crest in dinosaurs for the hypotheses mentioned in the passage.
Firstly, according to the passage, the crest enhanced the sense of smell in dinosaurs. the crest was believed to expand the surface area of smell sensory receptors. The professor, in the lecture, refutes the point by statin that the sense of smell in dinosaurs was related to the size of the brain. Their brain structure was not right to smell through he crest.
Secondly, the passage mentions that crest is used to help cool the dinosaurs. The crest would increase the area of their skin surface that would result in them catching more breeze and cool them during hot times of the year. The professor, in the lecture opposes the point by stating that the size of the crest is too small and the area of the skin is too large. There is no way that such a small crest can help a large dinosaur help increase the area of skin to absorb breeze.
Thirdly, the passage posits the use of crest for phonate. Dinosaurs used crest to amplify sounds communicate with other members of their herd. Although, the professor denies this statement by giving an example of a scientist in 2008 discovered that Messasonic dinosaurs, had similar ability of a reptile, were not able to create sounds using crest. Only one of a kind of dinosaur can create sound using crest like birds created sound syrinx using air sacs.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 263, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...o fragile to use as a physical defense. the hypotheses for the use of crest mention...
^^^
Line 3, column 88, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...hanced the sense of smell in dinosaurs. the crest was believed to expand the surfac...
^^^
Line 3, column 345, Rule ID: HE_THE[1]
Message: Did you mean 'through the crest'?
Suggestion: through the crest
... brain structure was not right to smell through he crest. Secondly, the passage mentions tha...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 356, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'he' must be used with a third-person verb: 'crests'.
Suggestion: crests
...cture was not right to smell through he crest. Secondly, the passage mentions tha...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, firstly, if, second, secondly, so, third, thirdly, kind of
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 7.0 12.0772626932 58% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 16.0 22.412803532 71% => OK
Preposition: 51.0 30.3222958057 168% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1540.0 1373.03311258 112% => OK
No of words: 327.0 270.72406181 121% => OK
Chars per words: 4.70948012232 5.08290768461 93% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.25242769721 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.37081372086 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 143.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.437308868502 0.540411800872 81% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 471.6 419.366225166 112% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 38.8630814572 49.2860985944 79% => OK
Chars per sentence: 90.5882352941 110.228320801 82% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.2352941176 21.698381199 89% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.82352941176 7.06452816374 54% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 4.45695364238 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.27373068433 211% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.195103240619 0.272083759551 72% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.080970976386 0.0996497079465 81% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0830075568552 0.0662205650399 125% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.122557487648 0.162205337803 76% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0784644821766 0.0443174109184 177% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.4 13.3589403974 78% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 69.11 53.8541721854 128% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.3 11.0289183223 75% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.04 12.2367328918 82% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.77 8.42419426049 92% => OK
difficult_words: 66.0 63.6247240618 104% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 71.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.